mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DialDefer: A Framework for Detecting and Mitigating LLM Dialogic Deference

arXiv 2601.10896 ↗First posted 15 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

LLMs are increasingly used as third-party judges, yet their reliability when evaluating speakers in dialogue remains poorly understood. We show that LLMs judge identical claims differently depending on framing: the same content receives different verdicts when presented as a statement to verify ("Is this statement correct?") versus attributed to a speaker ("Is this speaker correct?"). We call this dialogic deference and introduce DialDefer, a framework for detecting and mitigating these framing-induced judgment shifts. Our Dialogic Deference Score (DDS) captures directional shifts that aggregate accuracy obscures. Across ten domains, 3k+ instances, and five models, conversational framing induces large shifts (mean|DDS|=15.9 percentage points (pp) across models, p < .0001) while accuracy remains stable (<2 pp), with effects amplifying 2--5x on naturalistic Reddit conversations. This effect is domain-dependent: a single model can shift toward disagreement (skepticism) on graduate-level science and toward agreement (deference) on social judgment. Ablations reveal that human-vs-LLM attribution drives the largest shifts (17.7 pp swing), suggesting models treat disagreement with humans as more costly than with AI. Mitigation attempts can reduce deference but over-correct into skepticism, revealing a calibration problem beyond accuracy optimization.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jan 2026.

Builds on

22 of 50 references.

References · 22

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  3. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
  4. 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,748
  5. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
  6. 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 865
  7. 2022Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluationscited by 805
  8. 2023Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formattingcited by 778
  9. 2021BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answeringcited by 683
  10. 2024LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generationscited by 651
  11. 2023State of What Art? A Call for Multi-Prompt LLM Evaluationcited by 299
  12. 2024Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Schemingcited by 252
10 more
  1. 2022ROSCOE: A Suite of Metrics for Scoring Step-by-Step Reasoningcited by 175
  2. 2023Large Language Models can Strategically Deceive their Users when Put Under Pressurecited by 132
  3. 2025ELEPHANT: Measuring and understanding social sycophancy in LLMscited by 115
  4. 2025Measuring Sycophancy of Language Models in Multi-turn Dialoguescited by 91
  5. 2025The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systemscited by 57
  6. 2024HARP: A challenging human-annotated math reasoning benchmarkcited by 25
  7. 2025Principled Personas: Defining and Measuring the Intended Effects of Persona Prompting on Task Performancecited by 17
  8. 2024AdvisorQA: Towards Helpful and Harmless Advice-seeking Question Answering with Collective Intelligencecited by 12
  9. 2025Wrong Answers Can Also Be Useful: PlausibleQA -- A Large-Scale QA Dataset with Answer Plausibility Scorescited by 5
  10. 2025From Fact to Judgment: Investigating the Impact of Task Framing on LLM Conviction in Dialogue Systemscited by 3

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