DialDefer: A Framework for Detecting and Mitigating LLM Dialogic Deference
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Abstract (arXiv)
LLMs are increasingly used as third-party judges, yet their reliability when evaluating speakers in dialogue remains poorly understood. We show that LLMs judge identical claims differently depending on framing: the same content receives different verdicts when presented as a statement to verify ("Is this statement correct?") versus attributed to a speaker ("Is this speaker correct?"). We call this dialogic deference and introduce DialDefer, a framework for detecting and mitigating these framing-induced judgment shifts. Our Dialogic Deference Score (DDS) captures directional shifts that aggregate accuracy obscures. Across ten domains, 3k+ instances, and five models, conversational framing induces large shifts (mean|DDS|=15.9 percentage points (pp) across models, p < .0001) while accuracy remains stable (<2 pp), with effects amplifying 2--5x on naturalistic Reddit conversations. This effect is domain-dependent: a single model can shift toward disagreement (skepticism) on graduate-level science and toward agreement (deference) on social judgment. Ablations reveal that human-vs-LLM attribution drives the largest shifts (17.7 pp swing), suggesting models treat disagreement with humans as more costly than with AI. Mitigation attempts can reduce deference but over-correct into skepticism, revealing a calibration problem beyond accuracy optimization.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jan 2026.
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22 of 50 references.
References · 22
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- 2024Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Schemingcited by 252
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- 2022ROSCOE: A Suite of Metrics for Scoring Step-by-Step Reasoningcited by 175
- 2023Large Language Models can Strategically Deceive their Users when Put Under Pressurecited by 132
- 2025ELEPHANT: Measuring and understanding social sycophancy in LLMscited by 115
- 2025Measuring Sycophancy of Language Models in Multi-turn Dialoguescited by 91
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- 2025From Fact to Judgment: Investigating the Impact of Task Framing on LLM Conviction in Dialogue Systemscited by 3
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