Is More Context Always Better? Examining LLM Reasoning Capability for Time Interval Prediction
On the map: LLM reasoning → Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper presents a systematic study investigating whether LLMs can predict time intervals between recurring user actions, such as repeated purchases, and how different levels of contextual information shape their predictive behavior. Using a simple but representative repurchase scenario, we benchmark state-of-the-art LLMs in zero-shot settings against both statistical and machine-learning models. Two key findings emerge. First, while LLMs surpass lightweight statistical baselines, they consistently underperform dedicated machine-learning models, showing their limited ability to capture quantitative temporal structure. Second, although moderate context can improve LLM accuracy, adding further user-level detail degrades performance. These results challenge the assumption that "more context leads to better reasoning". Our study highlights fundamental limitations of today's LLMs in structured temporal inference and offers guidance for designing future context-aware hybrid models that integrate statistical precision with linguistic flexibility.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 8 of its 13 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jan 2026.
Builds on
8 of 13 references.
References · 8
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
- 2023Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language Modelscited by 680
- 2023Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasterscited by 491
- 2024LSTPrompt: Large Language Models as Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasters by Long-Short-Term Promptingcited by 56
- 2024Time Series Forecasting with LLMs: Understanding and Enhancing Model Capabilitiescited by 48
- 2025Not Just What, But When: Integrating Irregular Intervals to LLM for Sequential Recommendationcited by 2
- 2025S2SRec2: Set-to-Set Recommendation for Basket Completion with Recipecited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026SenTSR-Bench: Thinking with Injected Knowledge for Time-Series Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Ranking Accuracy: Evaluating LLM-Cited Feature Rationales for Next Basket Repurchase Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026The average-farmer illusion in language-model simulations of agricultural decisionscited by 0
- 2026The average-farmer illusion in language-model simulations of agricultural decisions14 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Ranking Accuracy: Evaluating LLM-Cited Feature Rationales for Next Basket Repurchase Recommendation31 Aug 2026
- 2026SenTSR-Bench: Thinking with Injected Knowledge for Time-Series Reasoning23 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Temporal Referential Consistency: Do LLMs Favor Sequences Over Absolute Time References?
- 2025TIME: A Multi-level Benchmark for Temporal Reasoning of LLMs in Real-World Scenarios
- 2023Are Large Language Models Temporally Grounded?
- 2025Discrete Minds in a Continuous World: Do Language Models Know Time Passes?
- 2023MenatQA: A New Dataset for Testing the Temporal Comprehension and Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models
- 2024Time Awareness in Large Language Models: Benchmarking Fact Recall Across Time
- 2024Test of Time: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Temporal Reasoning
- 2024A Picture is Worth A Thousand Numbers: Enabling LLMs Reason about Time Series via Visualization