mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Social Determinants of Health Prediction for ICD-9 Code with Reasoning Models

arXiv 2601.09709 ↗First posted 14 Dec 2025cs.LG cs.CL cs.CYcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Social Determinants of Health correlate with patient outcomes but are rarely captured in structured data. Recent attention has been given to automatically extracting these markers from clinical text to supplement diagnostic systems with knowledge of patients' social circumstances. Large language models demonstrate strong performance in identifying Social Determinants of Health labels from sentences. However, prediction in large admissions or longitudinal notes is challenging given long distance dependencies. In this paper, we explore hospital admission multi-label Social Determinants of Health ICD-9 code classification on the MIMIC-III dataset using reasoning models and traditional large language models. We exploit existing ICD-9 codes for prediction on admissions, which achieved an 89% F1. Our contributions include our findings, missing SDoH codes in 139 admissions, and code to reproduce the results.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Dec 2025.

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References · 6

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2019Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddingscited by 995
  4. 2018Explainable Prediction of Medical Codes from Clinical Textcited by 231
  5. 2023Large Language Models to Identify Social Determinants of Health in Electronic Health Recordscited by 55
  6. 2025Integration of Large Language Models and Traditional Deep Learning for Social Determinants of Health Predictioncited by 3

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  1. 2025Spurious Correlations and Beyond: Understanding and Mitigating Shortcut Learning in SDOH Extraction with Large Language Models
  2. 2025A Multi-Stage Large Language Model Framework for Extracting Suicide-Related Social Determinants of Health
  3. 2026Marrying Generative Model of Healthcare Events with Digital Twin of Social Determinants of Health for Disease Reasoning
  4. 2026Structured Insight from Unstructured Data: Large Language Models for SDOH-Driven Diabetes Risk Prediction
  5. 2024Synth-SBDH: A Synthetic Dataset of Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health for Clinical Text
  6. 2026Using reasoning LLMs to extract SDOH events from clinical notes
  7. 2025Knowledge Graph Augmented Large Language Models for Disease Prediction
  8. 2023Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs Into Large Language Models for Diagnosis Prediction: Design and Application Study