StealthGraph: Exposing Domain-Specific Risks in LLMs through Knowledge-Graph-Guided Harmful Prompt Generation
On the map: LLM safety and security → Safety alignment, refusal and guardrails
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in specialized domains such as finance and healthcare, where they introduce unique safety risks. Domain-specific datasets of harmful prompts remain scarce and still largely rely on manual construction; public datasets mainly focus on explicit harmful prompts, which modern LLM defenses can often detect and refuse. In contrast, implicit harmful prompts-expressed through indirect domain knowledge-are harder to detect and better reflect real-world threats. We identify two challenges: transforming domain knowledge into actionable constraints and increasing the implicitness of generated harmful prompts. To address them, we propose an end-to-end framework that first performs knowledge-graph-guided harmful prompt generation to systematically produce domain-relevant prompts, and then applies two-strategy obfuscation rewriting to convert explicit harmful prompts into implicit variants via direct and context-enhanced rewriting. This framework yields high-quality datasets combining strong domain relevance with implicitness, enabling more realistic red-teaming and advancing LLM safety research. We release our code and datasets on GitHub.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Safety alignment, refusal and guardrails, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 30 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jan 2026.
Builds on
30 of 62 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Safety Alignment Should Be Made More Than Just a Few Tokens Deep10 Jun
- 2024SafetyPrompts: a Systematic Review of Open Datasets for Evaluating and Improving Large Language Model Safety8 Apr
- 2023Fine-tuning Aligned Language Models Compromises Safety, Even When Users Do Not Intend To!5 Oct
Other references · 27
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2023Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Modelscited by 2,914
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
- 2023Jailbroken: How Does LLM Safety Training Fail?cited by 1,565
- 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
- 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,339
- 2024HarmBench: A Standardized Evaluation Framework for Automated Red Teaming and Robust Refusalcited by 1,330
- 2023Jailbreaking Black Box Large Language Models in Twenty Queriescited by 1,326
- 2018Texygen: A Benchmarking Platform for Text Generation Modelscited by 484
15 more
- 2023ToxicChat: Unveiling Hidden Challenges of Toxicity Detection in Real-World User-AI Conversationcited by 224
- 2023Red-Teaming Large Language Models using Chain of Utterances for Safety-Alignmentcited by 213
- 2024JailBreakV: A Benchmark for Assessing the Robustness of MultiModal Large Language Models against Jailbreak Attackscited by 208
- 2024Language Models are Homer Simpson! Safety Re-Alignment of Fine-tuned Language Models through Task Arithmeticcited by 105
- 2024Defending Large Language Models against Jailbreak Attacks via Semantic Smoothingcited by 68
- 2019Jointly Measuring Diversity and Quality in Text Generation Modelscited by 61
- 2024Semantic Mirror Jailbreak: Genetic Algorithm Based Jailbreak Prompts Against Open-source LLMscited by 48
- 2024h4rm3l: A language for Composable Jailbreak Attack Synthesiscited by 23
- 2024RoleBreak: Character Hallucination as a Jailbreak Attack in Role-Playing Systemscited by 19
- 2025Prompt Injection 2.0: Hybrid AI Threatscited by 12
- 2025Rewrite to Jailbreak: Discover Learnable and Transferable Implicit Harmfulness Instructioncited by 6
- 2025Mask-GCG: Are All Tokens in Adversarial Suffixes Necessary for Jailbreak Attacks?cited by 6
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Risks of Generative AI in Financial Servicescited by 4
- 2025MIST: Jailbreaking Black-box Large Language Models via Iterative Semantic Tuningcited by 3
- 2025The Resurgence of GCG Adversarial Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026KOCO-BENCH: Can Large Language Models Leverage Domain Knowledge in Software Development?cited by 5
- 2026From Cheap Fakes to Pure Synthesis: Addressing the New Era of T2V Fake News Videoscited by 1
- 2026EADC: Evaluation of Advanced and Deep-level Compliance in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026FinRT: Distilling Adaptive Red-Teaming Strategies into Reusable Adversarial Generators in Consumer Financecited by 0
- 2026FinRT: Distilling Adaptive Red-Teaming Strategies into Reusable Adversarial Generators in Consumer Finance29 Sep 2026
- 2026EADC: Evaluation of Advanced and Deep-level Compliance in Large Language Models22 Sep 2026
- 2026From Cheap Fakes to Pure Synthesis: Addressing the New Era of T2V Fake News Videos7 Aug 2026
- 2026KOCO-BENCH: Can Large Language Models Leverage Domain Knowledge in Software Development?19 Jan 2026