FlashVLM: Text-Guided Visual Token Selection for Large Multimodal Models
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency
Abstract (arXiv)
Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual query or rely on deep attention maps, whose instability under aggressive pruning leads to degraded semantic alignment. We propose FlashVLM, a text guided visual token selection framework that dynamically adapts visual inputs to the query. Instead of relying on noisy attention weights, FlashVLM computes an explicit cross modal similarity between projected image tokens and normalized text embeddings in the language model space. This extrinsic relevance is fused with intrinsic visual saliency using log domain weighting and temperature controlled sharpening. In addition, a diversity preserving partition retains a minimal yet representative set of background tokens to maintain global context. Under identical token budgets and evaluation protocols, FlashVLM achieves beyond lossless compression, slightly surpassing the unpruned baseline while pruning up to 77.8 percent of visual tokens on LLaVA 1.5, and maintaining 92.8 percent accuracy even under 94.4 percent compression. Extensive experiments on 14 image and video benchmarks demonstrate that FlashVLM delivers state of the art efficiency performance trade offs while maintaining strong robustness and generalization across mainstream VLMs.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 50 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2025.
Builds on
50 of 62 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Models9 Dec
- 2024VisionZip: Longer is Better but Not Necessary in Vision Language Models5 Dec
- 2024Beyond Text-Visual Attention: Exploiting Visual Cues for Effective Token Pruning in VLMs2 Dec
- 2024SparseVLM: Visual Token Sparsification for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inference6 Oct
- 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
- 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Models11 Mar
Other references · 44
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- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
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- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
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- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,105
- 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,881
- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,696
32 more
- 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,696
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,624
- 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,609
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
- 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,221
- 2021Transformers in Vision: A Surveycited by 1,009
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
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- 2023Vision-Language Models for Vision Tasks: A Surveycited by 834
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- 2023Multimodal Foundation Models: From Specialists to General-Purpose Assistantscited by 247
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- 2019What Do Compressed Deep Neural Networks Forget?cited by 164
- 2021A Survey of Visual Transformerscited by 117
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- 20253DAlign-DAER: Dynamic Attention Policy and Efficient Retrieval Strategy for Fine-grained 3D-Text Alignment at Scalecited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 7.
11 papers.
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- 2026AgriWorld:A World Tools Protocol Framework for Verifiable Agricultural Reasoning with Code-Executing LLM Agentscited by 2
- 2026MI-Pruner: Crossmodal Mutual Information-guided Token Pruner for Efficient MLLMscited by 2
- 2026EchoPrune: Interpreting Redundancy as Temporal Echoes for Efficient VideoLLMscited by 1
- 2025A Three-Level Alignment Framework for Large-Scale 3D Retrieval and Controlled 4D Generationcited by 0
- 2025Learning Dynamic Scene Reconstruction with Sinusoidal Geometric Priorscited by 0
- 2025Self-Rewarded Multimodal Coherent Reasoning Across Diverse Visual Domainscited by 0
- 2026AsymVLM: Asymmetric Token Pruning for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inferencecited by 0
- 2026Beyond Scene Priors: Fine-Grained Traffic Scene Reasoning with Benchmarking and Query-Guided Small-Object Focuscited by 0
- 2026VPRune: Efficient Training-free Pre-LLM Visual Token Pruningcited by 0
- 2026VPRune: Efficient Training-free Pre-LLM Visual Token Pruning21 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Scene Priors: Fine-Grained Traffic Scene Reasoning with Benchmarking and Query-Guided Small-Object Focus5 Jul 2026
- 2026AsymVLM: Asymmetric Token Pruning for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inference28 May 2026
- 2026EchoPrune: Interpreting Redundancy as Temporal Echoes for Efficient VideoLLMs11 May 2026
- 2026MI-Pruner: Crossmodal Mutual Information-guided Token Pruner for Efficient MLLMs3 Apr 2026
- 2026MACRO: Advancing Multi-Reference Image Generation with Structured Long-Context Data26 Mar 2026
- 2026AgriWorld:A World Tools Protocol Framework for Verifiable Agricultural Reasoning with Code-Executing LLM Agents17 Feb 2026
- 2025Self-Rewarded Multimodal Coherent Reasoning Across Diverse Visual Domains27 Dec 2025
- 2025CoAgent: Collaborative Planning and Consistency Agent for Coherent Video Generation27 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Dynamic Scene Reconstruction with Sinusoidal Geometric Priors25 Dec 2025
- 2025A Three-Level Alignment Framework for Large-Scale 3D Retrieval and Controlled 4D Generation25 Dec 2025
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