mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FlashVLM: Text-Guided Visual Token Selection for Large Multimodal Models

arXiv 2512.20561 ↗First posted 23 Dec 2025cs.CVcited by 11

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency

Abstract (arXiv)

Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual query or rely on deep attention maps, whose instability under aggressive pruning leads to degraded semantic alignment. We propose FlashVLM, a text guided visual token selection framework that dynamically adapts visual inputs to the query. Instead of relying on noisy attention weights, FlashVLM computes an explicit cross modal similarity between projected image tokens and normalized text embeddings in the language model space. This extrinsic relevance is fused with intrinsic visual saliency using log domain weighting and temperature controlled sharpening. In addition, a diversity preserving partition retains a minimal yet representative set of background tokens to maintain global context. Under identical token budgets and evaluation protocols, FlashVLM achieves beyond lossless compression, slightly surpassing the unpruned baseline while pruning up to 77.8 percent of visual tokens on LLaVA 1.5, and maintaining 92.8 percent accuracy even under 94.4 percent compression. Extensive experiments on 14 image and video benchmarks demonstrate that FlashVLM delivers state of the art efficiency performance trade offs while maintaining strong robustness and generalization across mainstream VLMs.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 50 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2025.

Builds on

50 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Models9 Dec
  2. 2024VisionZip: Longer is Better but Not Necessary in Vision Language Models5 Dec
  3. 2024Beyond Text-Visual Attention: Exploiting Visual Cues for Effective Token Pruning in VLMs2 Dec
  4. 2024SparseVLM: Visual Token Sparsification for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inference6 Oct
  5. 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
  6. 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Models11 Mar

Other references · 44

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  3. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  4. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
  5. 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,611
  6. 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,551
  7. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
  8. 2018The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis: Finding Sparse, Trainable Neural Networkscited by 2,250
  9. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,179
  10. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,105
  11. 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,881
  12. 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,696
32 more
  1. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,696
  2. 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,624
  3. 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,609
  4. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
  5. 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,221
  6. 2021Transformers in Vision: A Surveycited by 1,009
  7. 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
  8. 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 852
  9. 2023Vision-Language Models for Vision Tasks: A Surveycited by 834
  10. 2020Efficient Transformers: A Surveycited by 784
  11. 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 559
  12. 2020Movement Pruning: Adaptive Sparsity by Fine-Tuningcited by 398
  13. 2017TGIF-QA: Toward Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Visual Question Answeringcited by 378
  14. 2023LanguageBind: Extending Video-Language Pretraining to N-modality by Language-based Semantic Alignmentcited by 366
  15. 2021AdaViT: Adaptive Tokens for Efficient Vision Transformercited by 360
  16. 2017A Survey of Model Compression and Acceleration for Deep Neural Networkscited by 298
  17. 2023Multimodal Foundation Models: From Specialists to General-Purpose Assistantscited by 247
  18. 2022A Survey of Vision-Language Pre-Trained Modelscited by 177
  19. 2019What Do Compressed Deep Neural Networks Forget?cited by 164
  20. 2021A Survey of Visual Transformerscited by 117
  21. 2022The State of Sparse Training in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 60
  22. 2025GAM-Agent: Game-Theoretic and Uncertainty-Aware Collaboration for Complex Visual Reasoningcited by 56
  23. 2023A survey on efficient vision transformers: algorithms, techniques, and performance benchmarkingcited by 41
  24. 2025KABB: Knowledge-Aware Bayesian Bandits for Dynamic Expert Coordination in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 36
  25. 2025MAT-Agent: Adaptive Multi-Agent Training Optimizationcited by 34
  26. 2025DrDiff: Dynamic Routing Diffusion with Hierarchical Attention for Breaking the Efficiency-Quality Trade-offcited by 33
  27. 2025MM-CoT:A Benchmark for Probing Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Modelscited by 33
  28. 2023DepthSSC: Monocular 3D Semantic Scene Completion via Depth-Spatial Alignment and Voxel Adaptationcited by 30
  29. 2025Top-Down Semantic Refinement for Image Captioningcited by 16
  30. 2025RaCoT: Plug-and-Play Contrastive Example Generation Mechanism for Enhanced LLM Reasoning Reliabilitycited by 14
  31. 2025Cost-Effective Communication: An Auction-based Method for Language Agent Interactioncited by 14
  32. 20253DAlign-DAER: Dynamic Attention Policy and Efficient Retrieval Strategy for Fine-grained 3D-Text Alignment at Scalecited by 12

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 7.

11 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Attention-Free and Lightweight Token Reduction for Efficient Vision-Language Models
  2. 2026Balancing Saliency and Coverage: Semantic Prominence-Aware Budgeting for Visual Token Compression in VLMs
  3. 2026One Layer's Trash is Another Layer's Treasure: Adaptive Layer-wise Visual Token Selection in LVLMs
  4. 2025Token Sequence Compression for Efficient Multimodal Computing
  5. 2025Rethinking Visual Token Reduction in LVLMs Under Cross-Modal Misalignment
  6. 2026ApET: Approximation-Error Guided Token Compression for Efficient VLMs
  7. 2025Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Query-Aware Tokenizer for Long-Video Multimodal Language Models
  8. 2026SinkPruner: Sink-Free Visual Token Pruning for Multimodal Large Language Models