mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FaithLens: Detecting and Explaining Faithfulness Hallucination

arXiv 2512.20182 ↗First posted 23 Dec 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Hallucination detection in RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

Recognizing whether outputs from large language models (LLMs) contain faithfulness hallucination is crucial for real-world applications, e.g., retrieval-augmented generation and summarization. In this paper, we introduce FaithLens, a cost-efficient and effective faithfulness hallucination detection model that can jointly provide binary predictions and corresponding explanations to improve trustworthiness. To achieve this, we first synthesize training data with explanations via advanced LLMs and apply a well-defined data filtering strategy to ensure label correctness, explanation quality, and data diversity. Subsequently, we fine-tune the model on these well-curated training data as a cold start and further optimize it with rule-based reinforcement learning, using rewards for both prediction correctness and explanation quality. Results on 12 diverse tasks show that the 8B-parameter FaithLens outperforms advanced models such as GPT-5.2 and o3. Also, FaithLens can produce high-quality explanations, delivering a distinctive balance of trustworthiness, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Hallucination detection in RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 39 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2025.

Builds on

39 of 58 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Models31 Dec

Other references · 38

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
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26 more
  1. 2019ELI5: Long Form Question Answeringcited by 567
  2. 2021SummaC: Re-Visiting NLI-based Models for Inconsistency Detection in Summarizationcited by 402
  3. 2023A Survey of Hallucination in Large Foundation Modelscited by 365
  4. 2023Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search Enginescited by 297
  5. 2023AlignScore: Evaluating Factual Consistency with a Unified Alignment Functioncited by 284
  6. 2024Knowledge Conflicts for LLMs: A Surveycited by 274
  7. 2024MiniCheck: Efficient Fact-Checking of LLMs on Grounding Documentscited by 251
  8. 2020HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim Verificationcited by 199
  9. 2021MediaSum: A Large-scale Media Interview Dataset for Dialogue Summarizationcited by 104
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  13. 2023MeetingBank: A Benchmark Dataset for Meeting Summarizationcited by 81
  14. 2024TofuEval: Evaluating Hallucinations of LLMs on Topic-Focused Dialogue Summarizationcited by 66
  15. 2024A Chain-of-Thought Is as Strong as Its Weakest Link: A Benchmark for Verifiers of Reasoning Chainscited by 63
  16. 2024Context-DPO: Aligning Language Models for Context-Faithfulnesscited by 50
  17. 2025Llama-Embed-Nemotron-8B: A Universal Text Embedding Model for Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Taskscited by 46
  18. 2023Understanding Retrieval Augmentation for Long-Form Question Answeringcited by 45
  19. 2024GATEAU: Selecting Influential Samples for Long Context Alignmentcited by 18
  20. 2025Improving Contextual Faithfulness of Large Language Models via Retrieval Heads-Induced Optimizationcited by 17
  21. 2025A Goal Without a Plan Is Just a Wish: Efficient and Effective Global Planner Training for Long-Horizon Agent Taskscited by 17
  22. 2024Halu-J: Critique-Based Hallucination Judgecited by 14
  23. 2025FactCG: Enhancing Fact Checkers with Graph-Based Multi-Hop Datacited by 14
  24. 2025Aligning Large Language Models to Follow Instructions and Hallucinate Less via Effective Data Filteringcited by 12
  25. 2025Verifying the Verifiers: Unveiling Pitfalls and Potentials in Fact Verifierscited by 12
  26. 2023Factored Verification: Detecting and Reducing Hallucination in Summaries of Academic Paperscited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Models
  2. 2026FaithRL: Learning to Reason Faithfully through Step-Level Faithfulness Maximization
  3. 2024FaithEval: Can Your Language Model Stay Faithful to Context, Even If "The Moon is Made of Marshmallows"
  4. 2025LoVeC: Reinforcement Learning for Better Verbalized Confidence in Long-Form Generations
  5. 2025Benchmarking LLM Faithfulness in RAG with Evolving Leaderboards
  6. 2025Confidence-Aware Routing for Large Language Model Reliability Enhancement: A Multi-Signal Approach to Pre-Generation Hallucination Mitigation
  7. 2026Detecting Hallucinations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Semantic-level Internal Reasoning Graph
  8. 2026MARCH: Multi-Agent Reinforced Self-Check for LLM Hallucination