X-Talk: On the Underestimated Potential of Modular Speech-to-Speech Dialogue System
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present X-Talk, an open-source framework that champions a decoupled, modular design for LLM-driven speech-to-speech (S2S) systems. While the dominant trend favors end-to-end (E2E) modeling to optimize information flow, these "omni-models" often struggle to balance the competing objectives of complex speech tasks within a single network. X-Talk challenges this paradigm by demonstrating that a systematically optimized cascaded pipeline can achieve sub-second latency without sacrificing modular flexibility. Our framework seamlessly integrates specialized front-end components (e.g., VAD, speech enhancement) and diverse understanding models (e.g., ASR, emotion, and environmental sound analysis) with LLM capabilities like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and tool use. By revitalizing the cascaded approach, X-Talk highlights the underestimated potential of modular S2S systems and provides a robust foundation for future research and applications.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Dec 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 9.
9 papers.
- 2026Discourse-Aware Dual-Track Streaming Response for Low-Latency Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 2
- 2026Thinking-while-speaking: A Controlled, Interleaved Reasoning Method for Real-Time Speech Generationcited by 0
- 2026Proactive for Uncertainty: Cause-Aware Error Diagnosis and Interactive Clarification for Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 0
- 2026PolySpeech-100: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Speech Understanding Across 100+ Languages and Dialectscited by 0
- 2026FlashTTS: Fast Streaming TTS with MTP Acceleration and X-pred Mean Flow Distillationcited by 0
- 2026Enabling Proactive Spoken Turns via a Generalized Style-Aware Full-Duplex Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Conversation Coach: A Voice-enabled AI System that Helps Practice Difficult Workplace Conversationscited by 0
- 2026Transcribe, Then Reason: Two-Pass Decomposition for Multimodal Reviewcited by 0
- 2026DuplexAgent-RSI: Recursive Harness Improvement for Full-Duplex Voice Agent Collaborationcited by 0
- 2026DuplexAgent-RSI: Recursive Harness Improvement for Full-Duplex Voice Agent Collaboration8 Oct 2026
- 2026Conversation Coach: A Voice-enabled AI System that Helps Practice Difficult Workplace Conversations31 Aug 2026
- 2026Enabling Proactive Spoken Turns via a Generalized Style-Aware Full-Duplex Framework4 Aug 2026
- 2026Transcribe, Then Reason: Two-Pass Decomposition for Multimodal Review15 Jul 2026
- 2026FlashTTS: Fast Streaming TTS with MTP Acceleration and X-pred Mean Flow Distillation8 Jun 2026
- 2026PolySpeech-100: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Speech Understanding Across 100+ Languages and Dialects31 May 2026
- 2026Proactive for Uncertainty: Cause-Aware Error Diagnosis and Interactive Clarification for Spoken Dialogue Systems25 May 2026
- 2026Thinking-while-speaking: A Controlled, Interleaved Reasoning Method for Real-Time Speech Generation20 May 2026
- 2026Discourse-Aware Dual-Track Streaming Response for Low-Latency Spoken Dialogue Systems26 Feb 2026
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- 2025Enhancing Speech-to-Speech Dialogue Modeling with End-to-End Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2024Internalizing ASR with Implicit Chain of Thought for Efficient Speech-to-Speech Conversational LLM
- 2023AudioChatLlama: Towards General-Purpose Speech Abilities for LLMs
- 2025AU-Harness: An Open-Source Toolkit for Holistic Evaluation of Audio LLMs
- 2024Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLM
- 2025ChipChat: Low-Latency Cascaded Conversational Agent in MLX
- 2026X-OPD: Cross-Modal On-Policy Distillation for Capability Alignment in Speech LLMs
- 2025Stream RAG: Instant and Accurate Spoken Dialogue Systems with Streaming Tool Usage