Stream RAG: Instant and Accurate Spoken Dialogue Systems with Streaming Tool Usage
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Conversational and speech RAG
Abstract (arXiv)
End-to-end speech-in speech-out dialogue systems are emerging as a powerful alternative to traditional ASR-LLM-TTS pipelines, generating more natural, expressive responses with significantly lower latency. However, these systems remain prone to hallucinations due to limited factual grounding. While text-based dialogue systems address this challenge by integrating tools such as web search and knowledge graph APIs, we introduce the first approach to extend tool use directly into speech-in speech-out systems. A key challenge is that tool integration substantially increases response latency, disrupting conversational flow. To mitigate this, we propose Streaming Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Streaming RAG), a novel framework that reduces user-perceived latency by predicting tool queries in parallel with user speech, even before the user finishes speaking. Specifically, we develop a post-training pipeline that teaches the model when to issue tool calls during ongoing speech and how to generate spoken summaries that fuse audio queries with retrieved text results, thereby improving both accuracy and responsiveness. To evaluate our approach, we construct AudioCRAG, a benchmark created by converting queries from the publicly available CRAG dataset into speech form. Experimental results demonstrate that our streaming RAG approach increases QA accuracy by up to 200% relative (from 11.1% to 34.2% absolute) and further enhances user experience by reducing tool use latency by 20%. Importantly, our streaming RAG approach is modality-agnostic and can be applied equally to typed input, paving the way for more agentic, real-time AI assistants.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Conversational and speech RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 27 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2025.
Builds on
27 of 47 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Enhancing Speech-to-Speech Dialogue Modeling with End-to-End Retrieval-Augmented Generation27 Apr
Other references · 26
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,895
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 704
- 2022UTMOS: UTokyo-SaruLab System for VoiceMOS Challenge 2022cited by 381
- 2024Measuring short-form factuality in large language modelscited by 345
- 2024Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medicinecited by 326
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 307
- 2023AudioGPT: Understanding and Generating Speech, Music, Sound, and Talking Headcited by 264
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 210
- 2024Mini-Omni: Language Models Can Hear, Talk While Thinking in Streamingcited by 204
- 2024Video-RAG: Visually-aligned Retrieval-Augmented Long Video Comprehensioncited by 134
14 more
- 2022Generative Spoken Dialogue Language Modelingcited by 125
- 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 116
- 2024CRAG -- Comprehensive RAG Benchmarkcited by 94
- 2024VideoWebArena: Evaluating Long Context Multimodal Agents with Video Understanding Web Taskscited by 43
- 2024m&m's: A Benchmark to Evaluate Tool-Use for multi-step multi-modal Taskscited by 38
- 2025A Survey of Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 37
- 2025OWSM v4: Improving Open Whisper-Style Speech Models via Data Scaling and Cleaningcited by 27
- 2024Beyond the Turn-Based Game: Enabling Real-Time Conversations with Duplex Modelscited by 26
- 2024Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 25
- 2025WixQA: A Multi-Dataset Benchmark for Enterprise Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 9
- 2025OpusLM: A Family of Open Unified Speech Language Modelscited by 9
- 2025Chain-of-Thought Training for Open E2E Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 5
- 2025AURA: Agent for Understanding, Reasoning, and Automated Tool Use in Voice-Driven Taskscited by 5
- 2025DailyQA: A Benchmark to Evaluate Web Retrieval Augmented LLMs Based on Capturing Real-World Changescited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 10.
12 papers.
- 2025SHANKS: Simultaneous Hearing and Thinking for Spoken Language Modelscited by 16
- 2026MoshiRAG: Asynchronous Knowledge Retrieval for Full-Duplex Speech Language Modelscited by 11
- 2026NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systemscited by 5
- 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captionscited by 4
- 2026From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Thinking While Speaking: Inference-Time Knowledge Transfer for Responsive and Intelligent Conversational Voice Agentscited by 2
- 2026Speculative Interaction Agents: Building Real-Time Agents with Asynchronous I/O and Speculative Tool Callingcited by 2
- 2026TiCo: Time-Controllable Spoken Dialogue Modelcited by 1
- 2026RADAR: Defending RAG Dynamically against Retrieval Corruptioncited by 1
- 2026ProactiveLLM: Learning Active Interaction for Streaming Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026When Does Streaming Tool Use Help? Characterizing Tool-Intent Stabilization in Streaming Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2026Context Spanning: A Communication Framework for Full-Duplex Speech Models and External LLM Backendscited by 0
- 2026Context Spanning: A Communication Framework for Full-Duplex Speech Models and External LLM Backends27 Sep 2026
- 2026When Does Streaming Tool Use Help? Characterizing Tool-Intent Stabilization in Streaming Retrieval-Augmented Generation18 Jun 2026
- 2026ProactiveLLM: Learning Active Interaction for Streaming Large Language Models30 May 2026
- 2026RADAR: Defending RAG Dynamically against Retrieval Corruption21 May 2026
- 2026Speculative Interaction Agents: Building Real-Time Agents with Asynchronous I/O and Speculative Tool Calling13 May 2026
- 2026MoshiRAG: Asynchronous Knowledge Retrieval for Full-Duplex Speech Language Models14 Apr 2026
- 2026TiCo: Time-Controllable Spoken Dialogue Model23 Mar 2026
- 2026From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Models4 Mar 2026
- 2026Bagpiper: Solving Open-Ended Audio Tasks via Rich Captions5 Feb 2026
- 2026NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systems16 Jan 2026
- 2025Thinking While Speaking: Inference-Time Knowledge Transfer for Responsive and Intelligent Conversational Voice Agents10 Nov 2025
- 2025SHANKS: Simultaneous Hearing and Thinking for Spoken Language Models8 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025WavRAG: Audio-Integrated Retrieval Augmented Generation for Spoken Dialogue Models
- 2026FlashTTS: Fast Streaming TTS with MTP Acceleration and X-pred Mean Flow Distillation
- 2024RAGLAB: A Modular and Research-Oriented Unified Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2026RAG-DIVE: A Dynamic Approach for Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2025VoxRAG: A Step Toward Transcription-Free RAG Systems in Spoken Question Answering
- 2025MTRAG: A Multi-Turn Conversational Benchmark for Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems
- 2026Beyond Fresh Starts: Stateful Inference for Streaming ASR in Conversational Voice Agents
- 2026STREAM: A Data-Centric Framework for Mining High-Value Task-Oriented Dialogues from Streaming Media