SWE-Bench++: A Framework for the Scalable Generation of Software Engineering Benchmarks from Open-Source Repositories
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Abstract (arXiv)
Benchmarks like SWE-bench have standardized the evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on repository-level software engineering tasks. However, these efforts remain limited by manual curation, static datasets, and a focus on Python-based bug fixes. We introduce SWE-Bench++, an automated framework that generates repository-level coding tasks from open-source GitHub projects. Unlike synthetic approaches, our pipeline harvests live pull requests to cover both bug fixes and feature requests across 11 languages. SWE-Bench++ turns GitHub pull requests (PRs) into reproducible, execution-based tasks via four stages: programmatic sourcing, environment synthesis, test oracle extraction, and quality assurance. A final hint-guided trajectory synthesis step converts instances that strong models fail on into training trajectories. Our initial benchmark consists of 11,133 instances from 3,971 repositories across 11 languages. On a subset of 1,782 instances of this benchmark, today's strongest models perform as follows: claude-sonnet-4.5 achieves 36.20% pass@10, gpt-5-2025-08-07 34.57%, gemini/gemini-2.5-pro 24.92%, and gpt-4o 16.89%. We further demonstrate the utility of our dataset by showing that fine-tuning on SWE-Bench++ instances yields measurable improvements on the SWE-bench Multilingual benchmark. SWE-Bench++ provides a scalable, multilingual benchmark for evaluating and improving repository-level code generation.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2025.
Builds on
9 of 12 references.
References · 9
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 1,906
- 2024Training Software Engineering Agents and Verifiers with SWE-Gymcited by 300
- 2024SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMscited by 95
- 2025SWE-Fixer: Training Open-Source LLMs for Effective and Efficient GitHub Issue Resolutioncited by 87
- 2025SWE-bench Goes Live!cited by 74
- 2025Automated Benchmark Generation for Repository-Level Coding Taskscited by 27
- 2025SWE-Flow: Synthesizing Software Engineering Data in a Test-Driven Mannercited by 18
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 26.
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- 2026Code as Agent Harnesscited by 40
- 2026SWE-rebench V2: Language-Agnostic SWE Task Collection at Scalecited by 24
- 2026SWE-Universe: Scale Real-World Verifiable Environments to Millionscited by 16
- 2026Toward Scalable Terminal Task Synthesis via Skill Graphscited by 16
- 2026Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Taskscited by 8
- 2026EvoConfig: Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems for Efficient Autonomous Environment Configurationcited by 7
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026PerspectiveGap: A Benchmark for Multi-Agent Orchestration Promptingcited by 6
- 2026SWE-Hub: A Unified Production System for Scalable, Executable Software Engineering Taskscited by 4
- 2026SorryDB: Can AI Provers Complete Real-World Lean Theorems?cited by 4
- 2026Learning to Commit: Generating Organic Pull Requests via Online Repository Memorycited by 3
- 2026RepoMirage: Probing Repository Context Reasoning in Code Agents with Perturbationscited by 3
15 more
- 2026TDAD: Test-Driven Agentic Development - Reducing Code Regressions in AI Coding Agents via Graph-Based Impact Analysiscited by 2
- 2026Demystifying Agent Skills: Why They Work-Until They Don'tcited by 2
- 2026SkillForge: Self-Distilling Agents for Project-Specific Issue Resolutioncited by 2
- 2026PExA: Parallel Exploration Agent for Complex Text-to-SQLcited by 1
- 2026When Retrieval Hurts Code Completion: A Diagnostic Study of Stale Repository Contextcited by 1
- 2026Meta-Task: Turning Terminal Task Synthesis into a Terminal Task for Scalable Agent Trainingcited by 1
- 2026PAIChecker: Uncovering and Checking PR-Issue Misalignment in SWE-Bench-Like Benchmarkscited by 1
- 2026Change2Task: From Repository Changes to Executable Coding Agent Tasks and Environmentscited by 1
- 2026SWE-Spot: Building Small Repo-Experts with Repository-Centric Learningcited by 0
- 2026MobileDev-Bench: A Benchmark for Issue Resolution in Mobile Application Developmentcited by 0
- 2026BootstrapAgent: Distilling Repository Setup into Reusable Agent Knowledgecited by 0
- 2026SWE-Future: Forecast-Conditioned Data Synthesis for Future-Oriented Software Engineering Agentscited by 0
- 2026WatchPoint: Executable User Feedback for Real-World Agentic Web Developmentcited by 0
- 2026Schr"odinger's Code Repository: Have LLMs Learned SWE-bench or Memorized It?cited by 0
- 2026SWE-Journey: Towards More Realistic Evaluation of Coding Assistants through Long-Horizon, Multi-Turn Interactioncited by 0
- 2026SWE-Journey: Towards More Realistic Evaluation of Coding Assistants through Long-Horizon, Multi-Turn Interaction8 Oct 2026
- 2026Schr"odinger's Code Repository: Have LLMs Learned SWE-bench or Memorized It?21 Aug 2026
- 2026SkillForge: Self-Distilling Agents for Project-Specific Issue Resolution19 Aug 2026
- 2026Demystifying Agent Skills: Why They Work-Until They Don't14 Aug 2026
- 2026WatchPoint: Executable User Feedback for Real-World Agentic Web Development10 Aug 2026
- 2026Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks5 Aug 2026
- 2026Change2Task: From Repository Changes to Executable Coding Agent Tasks and Environments30 Jul 2026
- 2026PAIChecker: Uncovering and Checking PR-Issue Misalignment in SWE-Bench-Like Benchmarks30 Jul 2026
- 2026Meta-Task: Turning Terminal Task Synthesis into a Terminal Task for Scalable Agent Training30 Jul 2026
- 2026SWE-Future: Forecast-Conditioned Data Synthesis for Future-Oriented Software Engineering Agents17 Jun 2026
- 2026PerspectiveGap: A Benchmark for Multi-Agent Orchestration Prompting7 Jun 2026
- 2026RepoMirage: Probing Repository Context Reasoning in Code Agents with Perturbations25 May 2026
15 more
- 2026Code as Agent Harness18 May 2026
- 2026BootstrapAgent: Distilling Repository Setup into Reusable Agent Knowledge15 May 2026
- 2026When Retrieval Hurts Code Completion: A Diagnostic Study of Stale Repository Context14 May 2026
- 2026Toward Scalable Terminal Task Synthesis via Skill Graphs28 Apr 2026
- 2026PExA: Parallel Exploration Agent for Complex Text-to-SQL24 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning to Commit: Generating Organic Pull Requests via Online Repository Memory27 Mar 2026
- 2026MobileDev-Bench: A Benchmark for Issue Resolution in Mobile Application Development26 Mar 2026
- 2026TDAD: Test-Driven Agentic Development - Reducing Code Regressions in AI Coding Agents via Graph-Based Impact Analysis18 Mar 2026
- 2026SorryDB: Can AI Provers Complete Real-World Lean Theorems?3 Mar 2026
- 2026SWE-Hub: A Unified Production System for Scalable, Executable Software Engineering Tasks28 Feb 2026
- 2026SWE-rebench V2: Language-Agnostic SWE Task Collection at Scale27 Feb 2026
- 2026SWE-Universe: Scale Real-World Verifiable Environments to Millions2 Feb 2026
- 2026SWE-Spot: Building Small Repo-Experts with Repository-Centric Learning29 Jan 2026
- 2026EvoConfig: Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems for Efficient Autonomous Environment Configuration23 Jan 2026
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Survey24 Dec 2025
- 2026Code as Agent Harnesscited by 40
- 2026SWE-rebench V2: Language-Agnostic SWE Task Collection at Scalecited by 24
- 2026EvoConfig: Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems for Efficient Autonomous Environment Configurationcited by 7
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026PerspectiveGap: A Benchmark for Multi-Agent Orchestration Promptingcited by 6
- 2026SWE-Hub: A Unified Production System for Scalable, Executable Software Engineering Taskscited by 4
- 2026Learning to Commit: Generating Organic Pull Requests via Online Repository Memorycited by 3
- 2026TDAD: Test-Driven Agentic Development - Reducing Code Regressions in AI Coding Agents via Graph-Based Impact Analysiscited by 2
- 2026Demystifying Agent Skills: Why They Work-Until They Don'tcited by 2
- 2026SkillForge: Self-Distilling Agents for Project-Specific Issue Resolutioncited by 2
- 2026PExA: Parallel Exploration Agent for Complex Text-to-SQLcited by 1
- 2026Meta-Task: Turning Terminal Task Synthesis into a Terminal Task for Scalable Agent Trainingcited by 1
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Schr"odinger's Code Repository: Have LLMs Learned SWE-bench or Memorized It?21 Aug 2026
- 2026SkillForge: Self-Distilling Agents for Project-Specific Issue Resolution19 Aug 2026
- 2026Demystifying Agent Skills: Why They Work-Until They Don't14 Aug 2026
- 2026WatchPoint: Executable User Feedback for Real-World Agentic Web Development10 Aug 2026
- 2026Change2Task: From Repository Changes to Executable Coding Agent Tasks and Environments30 Jul 2026
- 2026Meta-Task: Turning Terminal Task Synthesis into a Terminal Task for Scalable Agent Training30 Jul 2026
- 2026SWE-Future: Forecast-Conditioned Data Synthesis for Future-Oriented Software Engineering Agents17 Jun 2026
- 2026PerspectiveGap: A Benchmark for Multi-Agent Orchestration Prompting7 Jun 2026
- 2026Code as Agent Harness18 May 2026
- 2026PExA: Parallel Exploration Agent for Complex Text-to-SQL24 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning to Commit: Generating Organic Pull Requests via Online Repository Memory27 Mar 2026
- 2026TDAD: Test-Driven Agentic Development - Reducing Code Regressions in AI Coding Agents via Graph-Based Impact Analysis18 Mar 2026
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026SWE-Universe: Scale Real-World Verifiable Environments to Millionscited by 16
- 2026Toward Scalable Terminal Task Synthesis via Skill Graphscited by 16
- 2026Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Taskscited by 8
- 2026SorryDB: Can AI Provers Complete Real-World Lean Theorems?cited by 4
- 2026RepoMirage: Probing Repository Context Reasoning in Code Agents with Perturbationscited by 3
- 2026PAIChecker: Uncovering and Checking PR-Issue Misalignment in SWE-Bench-Like Benchmarkscited by 1
- 2026MobileDev-Bench: A Benchmark for Issue Resolution in Mobile Application Developmentcited by 0
- 2026BootstrapAgent: Distilling Repository Setup into Reusable Agent Knowledgecited by 0
- 2026SWE-Journey: Towards More Realistic Evaluation of Coding Assistants through Long-Horizon, Multi-Turn Interactioncited by 0
- 2026SWE-Journey: Towards More Realistic Evaluation of Coding Assistants through Long-Horizon, Multi-Turn Interaction8 Oct 2026
- 2026Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks5 Aug 2026
- 2026PAIChecker: Uncovering and Checking PR-Issue Misalignment in SWE-Bench-Like Benchmarks30 Jul 2026
- 2026RepoMirage: Probing Repository Context Reasoning in Code Agents with Perturbations25 May 2026
- 2026BootstrapAgent: Distilling Repository Setup into Reusable Agent Knowledge15 May 2026
- 2026Toward Scalable Terminal Task Synthesis via Skill Graphs28 Apr 2026
- 2026MobileDev-Bench: A Benchmark for Issue Resolution in Mobile Application Development26 Mar 2026
- 2026SorryDB: Can AI Provers Complete Real-World Lean Theorems?3 Mar 2026
- 2026SWE-Universe: Scale Real-World Verifiable Environments to Millions2 Feb 2026