Tri-Bench: Stress-Testing VLM Reliability on Spatial Reasoning under Camera Tilt and Object Interference
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Verifiable geometric reasoning is a critical component for trustworthy and controllable agentic AI. Despite impressive capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often fail under realistic scene changes. We present Tri-Bench, a compact benchmark of planar triangle problems that isolates relative geometric reasoning while stressing two deployment-critical factors: camera pose (planar vs. tilted) and scene context via object interference (10 everyday objects). To test verifiability and control, we evaluate four recent VLMs using a single, fixed prompt whose guardrail explicitly describes a surrounding square border, enabling correct answers via homography. We evaluate six simple tasks over binary and continuous targets, and observe that the overall accuracy with respect to 3D ground truth is modest, ~69% on average (best ~75%, worst ~64%). The same responses align even more closely with 2D projections in the image plane, where mean accuracy is ~72%. All four VLMs consistently fail, with accuracy falling to ~0%, on recognizing minority shape classes (equilateral, isosceles, right-angled triangles). Additionally, overall VLM accuracy degrades by ~4.1% under camera tilt. This demonstrates that models fail to correctly utilize the explicit frame-of-reference hint provided in the prompt and default to 2D image plane cues. Finally, we find that object interference has no significant effect on VLM accuracy.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 4 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2025.
Builds on
4 of 12 references.
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- 2025OmniSpatial: Towards Comprehensive Spatial Reasoning Benchmark for Vision Language Models3 Jun
- 2025AutoGPS: Automated Geometry Problem Solving via Multimodal Formalization and Deductive Reasoning29 May
- 2025Mind the Gap: Benchmarking Spatial Reasoning in Vision-Language Models25 Mar
Other references · 1
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- 2026Geometric Parrots: Rule Absence vs. Rule Fragility in Spatial and Physical Reasoning for Vision-Language Models
- 2026MindEdit-Bench: Benchmarking Object-Level Counterfactual Spatial Reasoning in VLMs from In-the-Wild Photos
- 2026Make Geometry Matter for Spatial Reasoning
- 2025Pursuing Minimal Sufficiency in Spatial Reasoning
- 2025Out of Sight, Not Out of Context? Egocentric Spatial Reasoning in VLMs Across Disjoint Frames
- 2026SpatialStack: Layered Geometry-Language Fusion for 3D VLM Spatial Reasoning
- 2026Reinforcing Dual-Path Reasoning in Spatial Vision Language Models
- 2026Predicting When to Trust Vision-Language Models for Spatial Reasoning