Generative AI for Healthcare: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Perspectives
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is taking the world by storm. It promises transformative opportunities for advancing and disrupting existing practices, including healthcare. From large language models (LLMs) for clinical note synthesis and conversational assistance to multimodal systems that integrate medical imaging, electronic health records, and genomic data for decision support, GenAI is transforming the practice of medicine and the delivery of healthcare, such as diagnosis and personalized treatments, with great potential in reducing the cognitive burden on clinicians, thereby improving overall healthcare delivery. However, GenAI deployment in healthcare requires an in-depth understanding of healthcare tasks and what can and cannot be achieved. In this paper, we propose a data-centric paradigm in the design and deployment of GenAI systems for healthcare. Specifically, we reposition the data life cycle by making the medical data ecosystem as the foundational substrate for generative healthcare systems. This ecosystem is designed to sustainably support the integration, representation, and retrieval of diverse medical data and knowledge. With effective and efficient data processing pipelines, such as semantic vector search and contextual querying, it enables GenAI-powered operations for upstream model components and downstream clinical applications. Ultimately, it not only supplies foundation models with high-quality, multimodal data for large-scale pretraining and domain-specific fine-tuning, but also serves as a knowledge retrieval backend to support task-specific inference via the agentic layer. The ecosystem enables the deployment of GenAI for high-quality and effective healthcare delivery.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 88 of its 130 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Oct 2025.
Builds on
88 of 130 references.
References · 88
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
- 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
- 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
38 more
- 20163D U-Net: Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation from Sparse Annotationcited by 1,471
- 2018Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreascited by 1,420
- 2020What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Examscited by 1,324
- 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Daycited by 1,287
- 2021Swin-Unet: Unet-like Pure Transformer for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1,218
- 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,154
- 2020Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processingcited by 996
- 2021UNETR: Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 954
- 2022MedCLIP: Contrastive Learning from Unpaired Medical Images and Textcited by 564
- 2019ClinicalBERT: Modeling Clinical Notes and Predicting Hospital Readmissioncited by 487
- 2020Med-BERT: pre-trained contextualized embeddings on large-scale structured electronic health records for disease predictioncited by 368
- 2020Generating Radiology Reports via Memory-driven Transformercited by 363
- 2022Making the Most of Text Semantics to Improve Biomedical Vision--Language Processingcited by 336
- 2021Big Self-Supervised Models Advance Medical Image Classificationcited by 320
- 2021Medical Transformer: Gated Axial-Attention for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 319
- 2023MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoningcited by 311
- 2024Large Brain Model for Learning Generic Representations with Tremendous EEG Data in BCIcited by 311
- 2024BioMistral: A Collection of Open-Source Pretrained Large Language Models for Medical Domainscited by 299
- 2019BEHRT: Transformer for Electronic Health Recordscited by 258
- 2022GatorTron: A Large Clinical Language Model to Unlock Patient Information from Unstructured Electronic Health Recordscited by 238
- 2023Segment Anything in Medical Imagescited by 226
- 2025Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoningcited by 217
- 2023Learning to Exploit Temporal Structure for Biomedical Vision-Language Processingcited by 210
- 2024Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agentscited by 210
- 2021BENDR: using transformers and a contrastive self-supervised learning task to learn from massive amounts of EEG datacited by 194
- 2024HuatuoGPT-Vision, Towards Injecting Medical Visual Knowledge into Multimodal LLMs at Scalecited by 194
- 2024MDAgents: An Adaptive Collaboration of LLMs for Medical Decision-Makingcited by 162
- 2022Multi-Granularity Cross-modal Alignment for Generalized Medical Visual Representation Learningcited by 159
- 2024Medical SAM 2: Segment medical images as video via Segment Anything Model 2cited by 151
- 2020When Radiology Report Generation Meets Knowledge Graphcited by 144
- 2023Knowledge-enhanced Visual-Language Pre-training on Chest Radiology Imagescited by 128
- 2025HealthGPT: A Medical Large Vision-Language Model for Unifying Comprehension and Generation via Heterogeneous Knowledge Adaptationcited by 112
- 2023BioMedGPT: Open Multimodal Generative Pre-trained Transformer for BioMedicinecited by 99
- 2023METransformer: Radiology Report Generation by Transformer with Multiple Learnable Expert Tokenscited by 98
- 2022Improving Chest X-Ray Report Generation by Leveraging Warm Startingcited by 93
- 2023ClinicalGPT: Large Language Models Finetuned with Diverse Medical Data and Comprehensive Evaluationcited by 85
- 2025A Survey of LLM-based Agents in Medicine: How far are we from Baymax?cited by 84
- 2023Advancing Radiograph Representation Learning with Masked Record Modelingcited by 75
50 most cited of 88 All 88 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026DIYHealth Suite: Dataset, Model, and Benchmark for Health Management at Homecited by 2
- 2026From Single Chatbots to Governed Agent Ecosystems: An Agentic AI Pattern Catalogue and Orchestration Framework for Mission-Critical Hospital Information Management Systemscited by 0
- 2026LogicTree-RAG: Logic Tree-guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Long-form Patent Draftingcited by 0
- 2026LogicTree-RAG: Logic Tree-guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Long-form Patent Drafting25 Sep 2026
- 2026From Single Chatbots to Governed Agent Ecosystems: An Agentic AI Pattern Catalogue and Orchestration Framework for Mission-Critical Hospital Information Management Systems7 Aug 2026
- 2026DIYHealth Suite: Dataset, Model, and Benchmark for Health Management at Home1 May 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024The Potential and Perils of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety
- 2025From large language models to multimodal AI: A scoping review on the potential of generative AI in medicine
- 2023Recent Advances in Generative AI for Healthcare Applications
- 2024Can Generative AI Support Patients' & Caregivers' Informational Needs? Towards Task-Centric Evaluation Of AI Systems
- 2024Generative AI in Health Economics and Outcomes Research: A Taxonomy of Key Definitions and Emerging Applications, an ISPOR Working Group Report
- 2025Grounded by Experience: Generative Healthcare Prediction Augmented with Hierarchical Agentic Retrieval
- 2024The Minimum Information about CLinical Artificial Intelligence Checklist for Generative Modeling Research (MI-CLAIM-GEN)
- 2025Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Foundations, Progress, and Clinical Translation