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Aircraft Collision Avoidance Systems: Technological Challenges and Solutions on the Path to Regulatory Acceptance

arXiv 2510.20916 ↗First posted 23 Oct 2025cs.RO cs.AI cs.SYcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Aircraft collision avoidance systems is critical to modern aviation. These systems are designed to predict potential collisions between aircraft and recommend appropriate avoidance actions. Creating effective collision avoidance systems requires solutions to a variety of technical challenges related to surveillance, decision making, and validation. These challenges have sparked significant research and development efforts over the past several decades that have resulted in a variety of proposed solutions. This article provides an overview of these challenges and solutions with an emphasis on those that have been put through a rigorous validation process and accepted by regulatory bodies. The challenges posed by the collision avoidance problem are often present in other domains, and aircraft collision avoidance systems can serve as case studies that provide valuable insights for a wide range of safety-critical systems.

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18 of 111 references.

References · 18

  1. 2019Algorithms for Verifying Deep Neural Networkscited by 221
  2. 2018Deep Neural Network Compression for Aircraft Collision Avoidance Systemscited by 58
  3. 2023First Three Years of the International Verification of Neural Networks Competition (VNN-COMP)cited by 58
  4. 2019Adaptive Stress Testing with Reward Augmentation for Autonomous Vehicle Validationcited by 33
  5. 2019Guaranteeing Safety for Neural Network-Based Aircraft Collision Avoidance Systemscited by 26
  6. 2019Learning an Urban Air Mobility Encounter Model from Expert Preferencescited by 12
  7. 2019Verifying Aircraft Collision Avoidance Neural Networks Through Linear Approximations of Safe Regionscited by 8
  8. 2022Collision Risk and Operational Impact of Speed Change Advisories as Aircraft Collision Avoidance Maneuverscited by 6
  9. 2024Collision Avoidance and Geofencing for Fixed-wing Aircraft with Control Barrier Functionscited by 6
  10. 2020Adaptive Stress Testing of Trajectory Predictions in Flight Management Systemscited by 5
  11. 2023AVOIDDS: Aircraft Vision-based Intruder Detection Dataset and Simulatorcited by 4
  12. 2025LeRAAT: LLM-Enabled Real-Time Aviation Advisory Toolcited by 4
6 more
  1. 2024ASTPrompter: Preference-Aligned Automated Language Model Red-Teaming to Generate Low-Perplexity Unsafe Promptscited by 3
  2. 2022Reward Function Optimization of a Deep Reinforcement Learning Collision Avoidance Systemcited by 2
  3. 2023Formal and Practical Elements for the Certification of Machine Learning Systemscited by 2
  4. 2016Optimized and Trusted Collision Avoidance for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Approximate Dynamic Programming (Technical Report)cited by 1
  5. 2021Formally Verified Next-Generation Airborne Collision Avoidance Games in ACAS Xcited by 1
  6. 2023Efficient Determination of Safety Requirements for Perception Systemscited by 1

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