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GAN-based Content-Conditioned Generation of Handwritten Musical Symbols

arXiv 2510.17869 ↗First posted 16 Oct 2025cs.CVcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

The field of Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is currently hindered by the scarcity of real annotated data, particularly when dealing with handwritten historical musical scores. In similar fields, such as Handwritten Text Recognition, it was proven that synthetic examples produced with image generation techniques could help to train better-performing recognition architectures. This study explores the generation of realistic, handwritten-looking scores by implementing a music symbol-level Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and assembling its output into a full score using the Smashcima engraving software. We have systematically evaluated the visual fidelity of these generated samples, concluding that the generated symbols exhibit a high degree of realism, marking significant progress in synthetic score generation.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2025.

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References · 10

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,603
  3. 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,268
  4. 2021Deep Generative Modelling: A Comparative Review of VAEs, GANs, Normalizing Flows, Energy-Based and Autoregressive Modelscited by 251
  5. 2020GANwriting: Content-Conditioned Generation of Styled Handwritten Word Imagescited by 68
  6. 2019Understanding Optical Music Recognitioncited by 37
  7. 2022Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 35
  8. 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
  9. 2023A Unified Representation Framework for the Evaluation of Optical Music Recognition Systemscited by 7
  10. 2024Synthesising Handwritten Music with GANs: A Comprehensive Evaluation of CycleWGAN, ProGAN, and DCGANcited by 3

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