StretchySnake: Flexible SSM Training Unlocks Action Recognition Across Spatio-Temporal Scales
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
State space models (SSMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to transformers in various tasks. Their linear complexity and hidden-state recurrence make them particularly attractive for modeling long sequences, whereas attention becomes quadratically expensive. However, current training methods for video understanding are tailored towards transformers and fail to fully leverage the unique attributes of SSMs. For example, video models are often trained at a fixed resolution and video length to balance the quadratic scaling of attention cost against performance. Consequently, these models suffer from degraded performance when evaluated on videos with spatial and temporal resolutions unseen during training; a property we call spatio-temporal inflexibility. In the context of action recognition, this severely limits a model's ability to retain performance across both short- and long-form videos. Therefore, we propose a flexible training method that leverages and improves the inherent adaptability of SSMs. Our method samples videos at varying temporal and spatial resolutions during training and dynamically interpolates model weights to accommodate any spatio-temporal scale. This instills our SSM, which we call StretchySnake, with spatio-temporal flexibility and enables it to seamlessly handle videos ranging from short, fine-grained clips to long, complex activities. We introduce and compare five different variants of flexible training, and identify the most effective strategy for video SSMs. On short-action (UCF-101, HMDB-51) and long-action (COIN, Breakfast) benchmarks, StretchySnake outperforms transformer and SSM baselines alike by up to 28%, with strong adaptability to fine-grained actions (SSV2, Diving-48). Therefore, our method provides a simple drop-in training recipe that makes video SSMs more robust, resolution-agnostic, and efficient across diverse action recognition scenarios.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 79 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2025.
Builds on
61 of 79 references.
References · 61
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
- 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,616
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
- 2021Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spacescited by 2,424
- 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,894
- 2018SlowFast Networks for Video Recognitioncited by 1,862
- 2021ViViT: A Video Vision Transformercited by 1,610
- 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,609
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
- 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,092
38 more
- 2024Vision Mamba: Efficient Visual Representation Learning with Bidirectional State Space Modelcited by 1,051
- 2021Multiscale Vision Transformerscited by 896
- 2022Simplified State Space Layers for Sequence Modelingcited by 776
- 2021Combining Recurrent, Convolutional, and Continuous-time Models with Linear State-Space Layerscited by 607
- 2023VideoMAE V2: Scaling Video Masked Autoencoders with Dual Maskingcited by 516
- 2022On the Parameterization and Initialization of Diagonal State Space Modelscited by 418
- 2023Resurrecting Recurrent Neural Networks for Long Sequencescited by 397
- 2023LanguageBind: Extending Video-Language Pretraining to N-modality by Language-based Semantic Alignmentcited by 366
- 2019COIN: A Large-scale Dataset for Comprehensive Instructional Video Analysiscited by 316
- 2019A Short Note on the Kinetics-700 Human Action Datasetcited by 308
- 2023Hiera: A Hierarchical Vision Transformer without the Bells-and-Whistlescited by 287
- 2024MLVU: Benchmarking Multi-task Long Video Understandingcited by 275
- 2023Patch n' Pack: NaViT, a Vision Transformer for any Aspect Ratio and Resolutioncited by 226
- 2024MambaVision: A Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbonecited by 222
- 2022Omnivore: A Single Model for Many Visual Modalitiescited by 214
- 2022UniFormer: Unified Transformer for Efficient Spatiotemporal Representation Learningcited by 182
- 2022Frozen CLIP Models are Efficient Video Learnerscited by 181
- 2022FlexiViT: One Model for All Patch Sizescited by 151
- 2021Towards Long-Form Video Understandingcited by 146
- 2023AIM: Adapting Image Models for Efficient Video Action Recognitioncited by 145
- 2020Memory-augmented Dense Predictive Coding for Video Representation Learningcited by 137
- 2022How to Train Your HiPPO: State Space Models with Generalized Orthogonal Basis Projectionscited by 121
- 2023Getting ViT in Shape: Scaling Laws for Compute-Optimal Model Designcited by 87
- 2025T*: Re-thinking Temporal Search for Long-Form Video Understandingcited by 82
- 2024ViT-CoMer: Vision Transformer with Convolutional Multi-scale Feature Interaction for Dense Predictionscited by 65
- 2024Koala: Key frame-conditioned long video-LLMcited by 57
- 2024Don't Look Twice: Faster Video Transformers with Run-Length Tokenizationcited by 42
- 2023How Much Temporal Long-Term Context is Needed for Action Segmentation?cited by 36
- 2022ResFormer: Scaling ViTs with Multi-Resolution Trainingcited by 34
- 2023VicTR: Video-conditioned Text Representations for Activity Recognitioncited by 28
- 2021Unsupervised Discriminative Embedding for Sub-Action Learning in Complex Activitiescited by 26
- 2024ViTAR: Vision Transformer with Any Resolutioncited by 25
- 2024FineParser: A Fine-grained Spatio-temporal Action Parser for Human-centric Action Quality Assessmentcited by 24
- 2023DVANet: Disentangling View and Action Features for Multi-View Action Recognitioncited by 19
- 2022Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Specialization Learning for Fine-Grained Action Recognitioncited by 17
- 2025BASKET: A Large-Scale Video Dataset for Fine-Grained Skill Estimationcited by 17
- 2023Adapting Short-Term Transformers for Action Detection in Untrimmed Videoscited by 16
- 2023Preserving Modality Structure Improves Multi-Modal Learningcited by 13
50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Efficient Spatial-Temporal Focal Adapter with SSM for Temporal Action Detection
- 2026PKS4:Parallel Kinematic Selective State Space Scanners for Efficient Video Understanding
- 2025Long-Context State-Space Video World Models
- 2024HumMUSS: Human Motion Understanding using State Space Models
- 2024SSM Meets Video Diffusion Models: Efficient Long-Term Video Generation with Structured State Spaces
- 2025Pushing the Boundaries of State Space Models for Image and Video Generation
- 2025MS-Temba: Multi-Scale Temporal Mamba for Understanding Long Untrimmed Videos
- 2024Learning Discriminative Spatio-temporal Representations for Semi-supervised Action Recognition