mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SafeMT: Multi-turn Safety for Multimodal Language Models

arXiv 2510.12133 ↗First posted 14 Oct 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 6

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM jailbreaks and adversarial robustness

Abstract (arXiv)

With the widespread use of multi-modal Large Language models (MLLMs), safety issues have become a growing concern. Multi-turn dialogues, which are more common in everyday interactions, pose a greater risk than single prompts; however, existing benchmarks do not adequately consider this situation. To encourage the community to focus on the safety issues of these models in multi-turn dialogues, we introduce SafeMT, a benchmark that features dialogues of varying lengths generated from harmful queries accompanied by images. This benchmark consists of 10,000 samples in total, encompassing 17 different scenarios and four jailbreak methods. Additionally, we propose Safety Index (SI) to evaluate the general safety of MLLMs during conversations. We assess the safety of 17 models using this benchmark and discover that the risk of successful attacks on these models increases as the number of turns in harmful dialogues rises. This observation indicates that the safety mechanisms of these models are inadequate for recognizing the hazard in dialogue interactions. We propose a dialogue safety moderator capable of detecting malicious intent concealed within conversations and providing MLLMs with relevant safety policies. Experimental results from several open-source models indicate that this moderator is more effective in reducing multi-turn ASR compared to existed guard models.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM jailbreaks and adversarial robustness, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 28 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Oct 2025.

Builds on

28 of 61 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024JailBreakV: A Benchmark for Assessing the Robustness of MultiModal Large Language Models against Jailbreak Attacks3 Apr
  2. 2023FigStep: Jailbreaking Large Vision-Language Models via Typographic Visual Prompts9 Nov
  3. 2023Can Language Models be Instructed to Protect Personal Information?3 Oct
  4. 2023Jailbreak in pieces: Compositional Adversarial Attacks on Multi-Modal Language Models26 Jul

Other references · 24

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  2. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
  3. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  4. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
  5. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
  6. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,642
  7. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
  8. 2023BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference Datasetcited by 860
  9. 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 733
  10. 2024R-Judge: Benchmarking Safety Risk Awareness for LLM Agentscited by 288
  11. 2024SALAD-Bench: A Hierarchical and Comprehensive Safety Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 228
  12. 2024SG-Bench: Evaluating LLM Safety Generalization Across Diverse Tasks and Prompt Typescited by 60
12 more
  1. 2024CarLLaVA: Vision language models for camera-only closed-loop drivingcited by 57
  2. 2024LlavaGuard: An Open VLM-based Framework for Safeguarding Vision Datasets and Modelscited by 52
  3. 2024CoSafe: Evaluating Large Language Model Safety in Multi-Turn Dialogue Coreferencecited by 51
  4. 2025PrivaCI-Bench: Evaluating Privacy with Contextual Integrity and Legal Compliancecited by 37
  5. 2025Mitigating Deceptive Alignment via Self-Monitoringcited by 29
  6. 2025SafeDialBench: A Fine-Grained Safety Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues with Diverse Jailbreak Attackscited by 23
  7. 2025IR3D-Bench: Evaluating Vision-Language Model Scene Understanding as Agentic Inverse Renderingcited by 19
  8. 2025ThinkPatterns-21k: A Systematic Study on the Impact of Thinking Patterns in LLMscited by 16
  9. 2025ChatMotion: A Multimodal Multi-Agent for Human Motion Analysiscited by 14
  10. 2024Large Language Models Powered Context-aware Motion Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 13
  11. 2024Chain-of-Thought in Large Language Models: Decoding, Projection, and Activationcited by 6
  12. 2025Reassessing the Role of Chain-of-Thought in Sentiment Analysis: Insights and Limitationscited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026MTMCS-Bench: Evaluating Contextual Safety of Multimodal Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues
  2. 2025LLaVAShield: Safeguarding Multimodal Multi-Turn Dialogues in Vision-Language Models
  3. 2024Speak Out of Turn: Safety Vulnerability of Large Language Models in Multi-turn Dialogue
  4. 2023MM-SafetyBench: A Benchmark for Safety Evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models
  5. 2026Evolving Safety Landscape of Multi-modal Large Language Models: A Survey of Emerging Threats and Safeguards
  6. 2024SafeBench: A Safety Evaluation Framework for Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2024Multimodal Situational Safety
  8. 2025USB: A Comprehensive and Unified Safety Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models