mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

Instruction-aware User Embedding via Synergistic Language and Representation Modeling

arXiv 2510.11016 ↗First posted 13 Oct 2025cs.LGcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

User representation modeling has become increasingly crucial for personalized applications, yet existing approaches struggle with generalizability across domains and sensitivity to noisy behavioral signals. We present InstructUE, an instruction-aware user embedding foundation model that leverages large language models (LLMs) to generate general and instruction-aware user representations. InstructUE introduces a multi-encoder architecture with a lightweight adapter that efficiently processes heterogeneous data from six different sources while preserving their structural characteristics. Additionally, it proposes a novel contrastive-autoregressive training framework that bridges language and representation spaces through a curated UserQA dataset. The contrastive-autoregressive training framework simultaneously leverages autoregressive learning to capture domain knowledge in language space and contrastive learning to align user-text embeddings in representation space, thereby enhancing the instruction-awareness and noise-robustness of user embeddings. Through extensive experiments on real-world applications, we demonstrate that InstructUE significantly outperforms existing methods across multiple domains including user prediction, marketing, and recommendation scenarios. Our results show that instruction-aware user modeling can effectively achieve instruction-guided denoising of user information in specific scenarios, paving the way for more generalizable and robust user representation learning.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2025.

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19 of 34 references.

References · 19

  1. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,712
  2. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,191
  3. 2021SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddingscited by 2,170
  4. 2025Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Modelscited by 1,222
  5. 2019BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformercited by 958
  6. 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 736
  7. 2023Towards General Text Embeddings with Multi-stage Contrastive Learningcited by 714
  8. 2024LLM2Vec: Large Language Models Are Secretly Powerful Text Encoderscited by 398
  9. 2023Fine-Tuning LLaMA for Multi-Stage Text Retrievalcited by 271
  10. 2023LLMRec: Large Language Models with Graph Augmentation for Recommendationcited by 172
  11. 2021Contrastive Learning for Representation Degeneration Problem in Sequential Recommendationcited by 121
  12. 2024User-LLM: Efficient LLM Contextualization with User Embeddingscited by 75
7 more
  1. 2024Answer is All You Need: Instruction-following Text Embedding via Answering the Questioncited by 27
  2. 2018Perceive Your Users in Depth: Learning Universal User Representations from Multiple E-commerce Taskscited by 24
  3. 2023Scaling User Modeling: Large-scale Online User Representations for Ads Personalization in Metacited by 21
  4. 2025LLM2Rec: Large Language Models Are Powerful Embedding Models for Sequential Recommendationcited by 19
  5. 2024Long-Sequence Recommendation Models Need Decoupled Embeddingscited by 7
  6. 2024Transferable and Forecastable User Targeting Foundation Modelcited by 4
  7. 2025JEPA4Rec: Learning Effective Language Representations for Sequential Recommendation via Joint Embedding Predictive Architecturecited by 1

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