mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation Using Diffusion Schr"odinger Bridge

arXiv 2509.17187 ↗First posted 21 Sep 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 5

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Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate segmentation of medical images is challenging due to unclear lesion boundaries and mask variability. We introduce emphSegmentation Sch"odinger Bridge (SSB), the first application of Sch"odinger Bridge for ambiguous medical image segmentation, modelling joint image-mask dynamics to enhance performance. SSB preserves structural integrity, delineates unclear boundaries without additional guidance, and maintains diversity using a novel loss function. We further propose the Diversity Divergence Index (DDDI) to quantify inter-rater variability, capturing both diversity and consensus. SSB achieves state-of-the-art performance on LIDC-IDRI, COCA, and RACER (in-house) datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Sep 2025.

Builds on

15 of 26 references.

References · 15

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
  5. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  6. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,300
  7. 2018A Probabilistic U-Net for Segmentation of Ambiguous Imagescited by 283
  8. 2021Likelihood Training of Schr"odinger Bridge using Forward-Backward SDEs Theorycited by 219
  9. 2023I2SB: Image-to-Image Schr"odinger Bridgecited by 218
  10. 2021Solving Schr"odinger Bridges via Maximum Likelihoodcited by 141
  11. 2019PHiSeg: Capturing Uncertainty in Medical Image Segmentationcited by 128
  12. 2023Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation using Diffusion Modelscited by 92
3 more
  1. 2023On the Design Fundamentals of Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 60
  2. 2023Stochastic Segmentation with Conditional Categorical Diffusion Modelscited by 38
  3. 2020Uncertainty quantification in medical image segmentation with normalizing flowscited by 23

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.

  1. 2026Geometrically Constrained Stenosis Editing in Coronary Angiography via Entropic Optimal Transportcited by 1
  2. 2026Volumetric Directional Diffusion: Anchoring Uncertainty Quantification in Anatomical Consensus for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  3. 2026Neural Architecture Distributions: A New Paradigm for Stochastic Segmentationcited by 0
  4. 2026KANResDiff: Learning Local Residual Diffusion via Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  5. 2026Rethinking Diffusion Segmentation: When Does It Rely on Its Noisy State, and Does Diffusion Matter?cited by 0