mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Relative Trajectory Balance is equivalent to Trust-PCL

arXiv 2509.01632 ↗First posted 1 Sep 2025cs.LGcited by 5

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Recent progress in generative modeling has highlighted the importance of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for fine-tuning, with KL-regularized methods in particular proving to be highly effective for both autoregressive and diffusion models. Complementing this line of work, the Relative Trajectory Balance (RTB) objective was recently introduced in the context of Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) to serve the same role of improving fine-tuning in sequential generative models. Building on prior work linking GFlowNets and maximum-entropy RL, we establish in this paper an equivalence between RTB and Trust-PCL, an off-policy RL method with KL regularization. This equivalence situates RTB within the broader theoretical landscape of KL-regularized RL, and clarifies its relationship to earlier methods. Leveraging this insight, we revisit an illustrative example from the RTB paper and show that KL-regularized RL methods achieve comparable performance, offering an alternative perspective to what was previously reported.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 25 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2025.

Builds on

25 of 30 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Understanding Reinforcement Learning-Based Fine-Tuning of Diffusion Models: A Tutorial and Review18 Jul
  2. 2023DPOK: Reinforcement Learning for Fine-tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models25 May
  3. 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learning22 May

Other references · 22

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  5. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
  6. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  7. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  8. 2021Flow Network based Generative Models for Non-Iterative Diverse Candidate Generationcited by 392
  9. 2021GFlowNet Foundationscited by 290
  10. 2022Trajectory balance: Improved credit assignment in GFlowNetscited by 251
  11. 2022Bayesian Structure Learning with Generative Flow Networkscited by 153
  12. 2022RL with KL penalties is better viewed as Bayesian inferencecited by 135
10 more
  1. 2022GFlowNets and variational inferencecited by 106
  2. 2016Sequence Tutor: Conservative Fine-Tuning of Sequence Generation Models with KL-controlcited by 101
  3. 2024Amortizing intractable inference in diffusion models for vision, language, and controlcited by 72
  4. 2023Generative Flow Networks as Entropy-Regularized RLcited by 64
  5. 2023GFlowNets for AI-Driven Scientific Discoverycited by 63
  6. 2024Discrete Probabilistic Inference as Control in Multi-path Environmentscited by 44
  7. 2023Let the Flows Tell: Solving Graph Combinatorial Optimization Problems with GFlowNetscited by 40
  8. 2017Trust-PCL: An Off-Policy Trust Region Method for Continuous Controlcited by 30
  9. 2023Maximum entropy GFlowNets with soft Q-learningcited by 30
  10. 2025Discrete Compositional Generation via General Soft Operators and Robust Reinforcement Learningcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Offline Reinforcement Learning with Generative Trajectory Policies
  2. 2026A Survey of Flow Matching in Reinforcement Learning
  3. 2024Optimizing Backward Policies in GFlowNets via Trajectory Likelihood Maximization
  4. 2024Random Policy Evaluation Uncovers Policies of Generative Flow Networks
  5. 2022A Variational Perspective on Generative Flow Networks
  6. 2025Flow-Based Policy for Online Reinforcement Learning
  7. 2026MAGE: Multi-scale Autoregressive Generation for Offline Reinforcement Learning
  8. 2026f-Trajectory Balance: A Loss Family for Tuning GFlowNets, Generative Models, and LLMs with Off- and On-Policy Data