BikeBench: A Bicycle Design Benchmark for Generative Models with Objectives and Constraints
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce BikeBench, an engineering design benchmark for evaluating generative models on problems with multiple real-world objectives and constraints. As generative AI's reach continues to grow, evaluating its capability to understand physical laws, human guidelines, and hard constraints grows increasingly important. Engineering product design lies at the intersection of these difficult tasks, providing new challenges for AI capabilities. BikeBench evaluates AI models' capabilities to generate bicycle designs that not only resemble the dataset, but meet specific performance objectives and constraints. To do so, BikeBench quantifies a variety of human-centered and multiphysics performance characteristics, such as aerodynamics, ergonomics, structural mechanics, human-rated usability, and similarity to subjective text or image prompts. Supporting the benchmark are several datasets of simulation results, a dataset of 10,000 human-rated bicycle assessments, and a synthetically generated dataset of 1.6M designs, each with a parametric, CAD/XML, SVG, and PNG representation. BikeBench is uniquely configured to evaluate tabular generative models, large language models (LLMs), design optimization, and hybrid algorithms side-by-side. Our experiments indicate that LLMs and tabular generative models fall short of hybrid GenAI+optimization algorithms in design quality, constraint satisfaction, and similarity scores, suggesting significant room for improvement. We hope that BikeBench, a first-of-its-kind benchmark, will help catalyze progress in generative AI for constrained multi-objective engineering design problems. We provide code, data, an interactive leaderboard, and other resources at https://github.com/Lyleregenwetter/BikeBench.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 98 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2025.
Builds on
40 of 98 references.
References · 40
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,897
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,879
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
- 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,848
- 2019Modeling Tabular data using Conditional GANcited by 699
- 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 491
- 2018ABC: A Big CAD Model Dataset For Geometric Deep Learningcited by 341
- 2017A Neural Representation of Sketch Drawingscited by 313
28 more
- 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 271
- 2017Recent Trends in Deep Learning Based Natural Language Processingcited by 263
- 2020pymoo: Multi-objective Optimization in Pythoncited by 200
- 2024SciCode: A Research Coding Benchmark Curated by Scientistscited by 178
- 2021Deep Generative Models in Engineering Design: A Reviewcited by 105
- 2022Design-Bench: Benchmarks for Data-Driven Offline Model-Based Optimizationcited by 97
- 2019Deep Learning vs. Traditional Computer Visioncited by 94
- 2020Deep Generative Modeling for Mechanistic-based Learning and Design of Metamaterial Systemscited by 52
- 2022On the use of Artificial Neural Networks in Topology Optimisationcited by 36
- 2024DesignQA: A Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models' Understanding of Engineering Documentationcited by 32
- 2020A Comprehensive Survey on Word Representation Models: From Classical to State-Of-The-Art Word Representation Language Modelscited by 30
- 2021BIKED: A Dataset for Computational Bicycle Design with Machine Learning Benchmarkscited by 27
- 2022Topology Optimization via Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Reviewcited by 23
- 2023Beyond Statistical Similarity: Rethinking Metrics for Deep Generative Models in Engineering Designcited by 23
- 2024DeepJEB: 3D Deep Learning-based Synthetic Jet Engine Bracket Datasetcited by 16
- 2021SimJEB: Simulated Jet Engine Bracket Datasetcited by 14
- 2023Ship-D: Ship Hull Dataset for Design Optimization using Machine Learningcited by 13
- 2023AircraftVerse: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset of Aerial Vehicle Designscited by 13
- 2022FRAMED: An AutoML Approach for Structural Performance Prediction of Bicycle Framescited by 11
- 2023Constraining Generative Models for Engineering Design with Negative Datacited by 11
- 2024LibMOON: A Gradient-based MultiObjective OptimizatioN Library in PyTorchcited by 10
- 2024LInK: Learning Joint Representations of Design and Performance Spaces through Contrastive Learning for Mechanism Synthesiscited by 7
- 2022Design Target Achievement Index: A Differentiable Metric to Enhance Deep Generative Models in Multi-Objective Inverse Designcited by 6
- 2023DATED: Guidelines for Creating Synthetic Datasets for Engineering Design Applicationscited by 6
- 2024Shaping Realities: Enhancing 3D Generative AI with Fabrication Constraintscited by 6
- 2024Generative VS non-Generative Models in Engineering Shape Optimizationcited by 4
- 2024Generative Design through Quality-Diversity Data Synthesis and Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025DeepWheel: Generating a 3D Synthetic Wheel Dataset for Design and Performance Evaluationcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.
5 papers.
- 2026Frontier-Eng: Benchmarking Self-Evolving Agents on Real-World Engineering Tasks with Generative Optimizationcited by 16
- 2026Engineering Regression Without Real-Data Training: Domain Adaptation for Tabular Foundation Models Using Multi-Dataset Embeddingscited by 3
- 2026Do Diffusion Models Dream of Electric Planes? Discrete and Continuous Simulation-Based Inference for Aircraft Designcited by 2
- 2025GLUE: Coordinating Pre-Trained Generative Models for System-Level Designcited by 0
- 2026EngIntervene: Benchmarking Multimodal Engineering State Understanding and Design Intervention Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026EngIntervene: Benchmarking Multimodal Engineering State Understanding and Design Intervention Reasoning27 Sep 2026
- 2026Frontier-Eng: Benchmarking Self-Evolving Agents on Real-World Engineering Tasks with Generative Optimization14 Apr 2026
- 2026Engineering Regression Without Real-Data Training: Domain Adaptation for Tabular Foundation Models Using Multi-Dataset Embeddings5 Mar 2026
- 2026Do Diffusion Models Dream of Electric Planes? Discrete and Continuous Simulation-Based Inference for Aircraft Design27 Feb 2026
- 2025GLUE: Coordinating Pre-Trained Generative Models for System-Level Design22 Dec 2025