Embedding-based Retrieval in Multimodal Content Moderation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Video understanding plays a fundamental role for content moderation on short video platforms, enabling the detection of inappropriate content. While classification remains the dominant approach for content moderation, it often struggles in scenarios requiring rapid and cost-efficient responses, such as trend adaptation and urgent escalations. To address this issue, we introduce an Embedding-Based Retrieval (EBR) method designed to complement traditional classification approaches. We first leverage a Supervised Contrastive Learning (SCL) framework to train a suite of foundation embedding models, including both single-modal and multi-modal architectures. Our models demonstrate superior performance over established contrastive learning methods such as CLIP and MoCo. Building on these embedding models, we design and implement the embedding-based retrieval system that integrates embedding generation and video retrieval to enable efficient and effective trend handling. Comprehensive offline experiments on 25 diverse emerging trends show that EBR improves ROC-AUC from 0.85 to 0.99 and PR-AUC from 0.35 to 0.95. Further online experiments reveal that EBR increases action rates by 10.32% and reduces operational costs by over 80%, while also enhancing interpretability and flexibility compared to classification-based solutions.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jun 2025.
Builds on
16 of 25 references.
References · 16
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
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- 2021VideoCLIP: Contrastive Pre-training for Zero-shot Video-Text Understandingcited by 602
- 2021Multi-Grained Vision Language Pre-Training: Aligning Texts with Visual Conceptscited by 256
- 2024Why are Visually-Grounded Language Models Bad at Image Classification?cited by 102
- 2021Embedding-based Product Retrieval in Taobao Searchcited by 51
- 2023HateMM: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Hate Video Classificationcited by 42
- 2023Adapting Large Language Models for Content Moderation: Pitfalls in Data Engineering and Supervised Fine-tuningcited by 29
- 2024ICM-Assistant: Instruction-tuning Multimodal Large Language Models for Rule-based Explainable Image Content Moderationcited by 11
- 2023Rethinking Multimodal Content Moderation from an Asymmetric Angle with Mixed-modalitycited by 9
4 more
- 2024Enhancing Relevance of Embedding-based Retrieval at Walmartcited by 9
- 2023Multilingual Content Moderation: A Case Study on Redditcited by 8
- 2024CPFD: Confidence-aware Privileged Feature Distillation for Short Video Classificationcited by 4
- 2025Embedding based retrieval for long tail search queries in ecommercecited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
4 papers.
- 2025Reasoning-Enhanced Domain-Adaptive Pretraining of Multimodal Large Language Models for Short Video Content Governancecited by 16
- 2026MRMAD: A Multi-Round Multi-Audio Benchmark for Evaluating Acoustic Degradation Perception in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Logit-Attention Divergence: Mitigating Position Bias in Multi-Image Retrieval via Attention-Guided Calibrationcited by 1
- 2026UNIVID: Unified Vision-Language Model for Video Moderationcited by 0
- 2026MRMAD: A Multi-Round Multi-Audio Benchmark for Evaluating Acoustic Degradation Perception in Large Audio-Language Models23 Aug 2026
- 2026UNIVID: Unified Vision-Language Model for Video Moderation4 Jun 2026
- 2026Logit-Attention Divergence: Mitigating Position Bias in Multi-Image Retrieval via Attention-Guided Calibration12 May 2026
- 2025Reasoning-Enhanced Domain-Adaptive Pretraining of Multimodal Large Language Models for Short Video Content Governance25 Sep 2025