QGuard:Question-based Zero-shot Guard for Multi-modal LLM Safety
On the map: LLM safety and security → Safety alignment, refusal and guardrails
Abstract (arXiv)
The recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have had a significant impact on a wide range of fields, from general domains to specialized areas. However, these advancements have also significantly increased the potential for malicious users to exploit harmful and jailbreak prompts for malicious attacks. Although there have been many efforts to prevent harmful prompts and jailbreak prompts, protecting LLMs from such malicious attacks remains an important and challenging task. In this paper, we propose QGuard, a simple yet effective safety guard method, that utilizes question prompting to block harmful prompts in a zero-shot manner. Our method can defend LLMs not only from text-based harmful prompts but also from multi-modal harmful prompt attacks. Moreover, by diversifying and modifying guard questions, our approach remains robust against the latest harmful prompts without fine-tuning. Experimental results show that our model performs competitively on both text-only and multi-modal harmful datasets. Additionally, by providing an analysis of question prompting, we enable a white-box analysis of user inputs. We believe our method provides valuable insights for real-world LLM services in mitigating security risks associated with harmful prompts.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Safety alignment, refusal and guardrails, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 21 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2025.
Builds on
21 of 30 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Harmful Fine-tuning Attacks and Defenses for Large Language Models: A Survey26 Sep
- 2024WildGuard: Open One-Stop Moderation Tools for Safety Risks, Jailbreaks, and Refusals of LLMs26 Jun
Other references · 19
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Modelscited by 3,104
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
- 2022Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text-Video Datacited by 1,742
- 2023Jailbroken: How Does LLM Safety Training Fail?cited by 1,651
- 2024HarmBench: A Standardized Evaluation Framework for Automated Red Teaming and Robust Refusalcited by 1,429
- 2023Llama Guard: LLM-based Input-Output Safeguard for Human-AI Conversationscited by 1,207
- 2022A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real Worldcited by 356
- 2023ToxicChat: Unveiling Hidden Challenges of Toxicity Detection in Real-World User-AI Conversationcited by 231
- 2020Learning from the Worst: Dynamically Generated Datasets to Improve Online Hate Detectioncited by 221
- 2020HateCheck: Functional Tests for Hate Speech Detection Modelscited by 216
- 2020HateBERT: Retraining BERT for Abusive Language Detection in Englishcited by 207
7 more
- 2024GradSafe: Detecting Jailbreak Prompts for LLMs via Safety-Critical Gradient Analysiscited by 96
- 2025A Survey of Safety on Large Vision-Language Models: Attacks, Defenses and Evaluationscited by 67
- 2023Large Language Models are Visual Reasoning Coordinatorscited by 58
- 2023You Only Prompt Once: On the Capabilities of Prompt Learning on Large Language Models to Tackle Toxic Contentcited by 39
- 2024MMInstruct: A High-Quality Multi-Modal Instruction Tuning Dataset with Extensive Diversitycited by 38
- 2021Ruddit: Norms of Offensiveness for English Reddit Commentscited by 27
- 2024HarmAug: Effective Data Augmentation for Knowledge Distillation of Safety Guard Modelscited by 19
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025OmniSafeBench-MM: A Unified Benchmark and Toolbox for Multimodal Jailbreak Attack-Defense Evaluationcited by 11
- 2025Rethinking Jailbreak Detection of Large Vision Language Models with Representational Contrastive Scoringcited by 11
- 2026Safe responses matter: Output-aware safety guardrail mitigate over-refusal in MLLMscited by 2
- 2026SelfGrader: LLM Jailbreak Detection via Anchored Token-Level Logitscited by 0
- 2026Safe responses matter: Output-aware safety guardrail mitigate over-refusal in MLLMs20 Jun 2026
- 2026SelfGrader: LLM Jailbreak Detection via Anchored Token-Level Logits1 Apr 2026
- 2025Rethinking Jailbreak Detection of Large Vision Language Models with Representational Contrastive Scoring12 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniSafeBench-MM: A Unified Benchmark and Toolbox for Multimodal Jailbreak Attack-Defense Evaluation6 Dec 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Bypassing Safety Guardrails in LLMs Using Humor
- 2025Too Easily Fooled? Prompt Injection Breaks LLMs on Frustratingly Simple Multiple-Choice Questions
- 2023Goal-Oriented Prompt Attack and Safety Evaluation for LLMs
- 2025MrGuard: A Multilingual Reasoning Guardrail for Universal LLM Safety
- 2023Self-Guard: Empower the LLM to Safeguard Itself
- 2025Keep Security! Benchmarking Security Policy Preservation in Large Language Model Contexts Against Indirect Attacks in Question Answering
- 2025X-Guard: Multilingual Guard Agent for Content Moderation
- 2025Revisiting Backdoor Attacks on LLMs: A Stealthy and Practical Poisoning Framework via Harmless Inputs