mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Sampling Preferences Yields Simple Trustworthiness Scores

arXiv 2506.03399 ↗First posted 3 Jun 2025cs.HC cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

With the onset of large language models (LLMs), the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models is becoming increasingly multi-dimensional. Accordingly, there have been several large, multi-dimensional evaluation frameworks put forward to evaluate LLMs. Though these frameworks are much more realistic than previous attempts which only used a single score like accuracy, multi-dimensional evaluations can complicate decision-making since there is no obvious way to select an optimal model. This work introduces preference sampling, a method to extract a scalar trustworthiness score from multi-dimensional evaluation results by considering the many characteristics of model performance which users value. We show that preference sampling improves upon alternate aggregation methods by using multi-dimensional trustworthiness evaluations of LLMs from TrustLLM and DecodingTrust. We find that preference sampling is consistently reductive, fully reducing the set of candidate models 100% of the time whereas Pareto optimality never reduces the set by more than 50%. Likewise, preference sampling is consistently sensitive to user priors-allowing users to specify the relative weighting and confidence of their preferences-whereas averaging scores is intransigent to the users' prior knowledge.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2025.

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References · 11

  1. 2018Robustness May Be at Odds with Accuracycited by 873
  2. 2023DecodingTrust: A Comprehensive Assessment of Trustworthiness in GPT Modelscited by 505
  3. 2023Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignmentcited by 394
  4. 2018All Models are Wrong, but Many are Useful: Learning a Variable's Importance by Studying an Entire Class of Prediction Models Simultaneouslycited by 364
  5. 2022From Anecdotal Evidence to Quantitative Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review on Evaluating Explainable AIcited by 299
  6. 2024TrustLLM: Trustworthiness in Large Language Modelscited by 280
  7. 2021Trustworthy AI: From Principles to Practicescited by 206
  8. 2024Arithmetic Control of LLMs for Diverse User Preferences: Directional Preference Alignment with Multi-Objective Rewardscited by 145
  9. 2020Explainable Artificial Intelligence: a Systematic Reviewcited by 79
  10. 2024It's Morphing Time: Unleashing the Potential of Multiple LLMs via Multi-objective Optimizationcited by 10
  11. 2022Dependable Intrusion Detection System for IoT: A Deep Transfer Learning-based Approachcited by 4

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  1. 2024Decompose and Leverage Preferences from Expert Models for Improving Trustworthiness of MLLMs
  2. 2024More RLHF, More Trust? On The Impact of Preference Alignment On Trustworthiness
  3. 2025Dropping Just a Handful of Preferences Can Change Top Large Language Model Rankings
  4. 2024Compare without Despair: Reliable Preference Evaluation with Generation Separability
  5. 2025WorldPM: Scaling Human Preference Modeling
  6. 2026A Consensus-Based Framework for Relative Preference Evaluation of Large Language Models
  7. 2026Auditing Preferences for Brands and Cultures in LLMs
  8. 2025Unveiling Trust in Multimodal Large Language Models: Evaluation, Analysis, and Mitigation