Genie Centurion: Accelerating Scalable Real-World Robot Training with Human Rewind-and-Refine Guidance
On the map: Vision-language-action models → Reinforcement learning and post-training
Abstract (arXiv)
While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalizability in various tasks, real-world deployment of robotic policy still requires large-scale, high-quality human expert demonstrations. However, data collection via human teleoperation requires continuous operator attention, which is costly, hard to scale. To address this, we propose Genie Centurion (GCENT), a scalable and general data collection paradigm based on human rewind-and-refine guidance, enabling robots' interactive learning in deployment. GCENT starts at an imperfect policy and improves over time. When the robot execution failures occur, GCENT allows robots to revert to a previous state with a rewind mechanism, after which a teleoperator provides corrective demonstrations to refine the policy. This framework supports a one-human-to-many-robots supervision scheme with a Task Sentinel module, which autonomously predicts task success and solicits human intervention when necessary. Empirical results show that GCENT achieves up to 40% higher task success rates than state-of-the-art data collection methods, and reaches comparable performance using less than half the data in long-horizon and precise tasks. We also quantify the data yield-to-effort ratio under multi-robot scenarios, demonstrating GCENT's potential for scalable and cost-efficient robot policy training in real-world environments.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning and post-training, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 50 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2025.
Builds on
50 of 65 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 49
- 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
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- 2023Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardwarecited by 1,490
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- 2025SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Modelcited by 502
- 2024InternLM2 Technical Reportcited by 391
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- 2024Mobile ALOHA: Learning Bimanual Mobile Manipulation with Low-Cost Whole-Body Teleoperationcited by 377
37 more
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- 2024TinyVLA: Towards Fast, Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulationcited by 331
- 2023MimicGen: A Data Generation System for Scalable Robot Learning using Human Demonstrationscited by 308
- 2018HG-DAgger: Interactive Imitation Learning with Human Expertscited by 245
- 2023GELLO: A General, Low-Cost, and Intuitive Teleoperation Framework for Robot Manipulatorscited by 180
- 2024RoboMIND: Benchmark on Multi-embodiment Intelligence Normative Data for Robot Manipulationcited by 166
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- 2024DexCap: Scalable and Portable Mocap Data Collection System for Dexterous Manipulationcited by 149
- 2024Data Scaling Laws in Imitation Learning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 144
- 2023Vision-Language Models as Success Detectorscited by 138
- 2024Open-TeleVision: Teleoperation with Immersive Active Visual Feedbackcited by 137
- 2023AnyTeleop: A General Vision-Based Dexterous Robot Arm-Hand Teleoperation Systemcited by 136
- 2025RoboTwin: Dual-Arm Robot Benchmark with Generative Digital Twinscited by 117
- 2019DexPilot: Vision Based Teleoperation of Dexterous Robotic Hand-Arm Systemcited by 105
- 2024DexMimicGen: Automated Data Generation for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation via Imitation Learningcited by 104
- 2024Data-efficient Fine-tuning for LLM-based Recommendationcited by 103
- 2021ThriftyDAgger: Budget-Aware Novelty and Risk Gating for Interactive Imitation Learningcited by 98
- 2018EnsembleDAgger: A Bayesian Approach to Safe Imitation Learningcited by 96
- 2024Vision Language Models are In-Context Value Learnerscited by 84
- 2016Query-Efficient Imitation Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 83
- 2022Pre-Training for Robots: Offline RL Enables Learning New Tasks from a Handful of Trialscited by 78
- 2024OPEN TEACH: A Versatile Teleoperation System for Robotic Manipulationcited by 67
- 2018Shared Autonomy via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 65
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- 2021LazyDAgger: Reducing Context Switching in Interactive Imitation Learningcited by 50
- 2023AirExo: Low-Cost Exoskeletons for Learning Whole-Arm Manipulation in the Wildcited by 46
- 2017Shared Autonomy via Hindsight Optimization for Teleoperation and Teamingcited by 39
- 2024FastUMI: A Scalable and Hardware-Independent Universal Manipulation Interface with Datasetcited by 36
- 2020Shared Autonomy with Learned Latent Actionscited by 34
- 2024Multi-Task Interactive Robot Fleet Learning with Visual World Modelscited by 33
- 2022Fleet-DAgger: Interactive Robot Fleet Learning with Scalable Human Supervisioncited by 29
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- 2025RoboCopilot: Human-in-the-loop Interactive Imitation Learning for Robot Manipulationcited by 22
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 2.
7 papers.
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- 2026RoboClaw: An Agentic Framework for Scalable Long-Horizon Robotic Tasks12 Mar 2026
- 2026HoloBrain-0 Technical Report12 Feb 2026
- 2025Dual-Stream Diffusion for World-Model Augmented Vision-Language-Action Model31 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey on Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models27 Oct 2025
- 2025FieldGen: From Teleoperated Pre-Manipulation Trajectories to Field-Guided Data Generation23 Oct 2025
- 2025A Vision-Language-Action-Critic Model for Robotic Real-World Reinforcement Learning19 Sep 2025
- 2025RaC: Robot Learning for Long-Horizon Tasks by Scaling Recovery and Correction9 Sep 2025
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