Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
While chains-of-thought (CoT) have advanced complex reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), existing methods remain confined to text or static visual domains, often faltering in dynamic spatial reasoning tasks. To bridge this gap, we present GRASSLAND, a novel maze navigation benchmark designed to evaluate dynamic spatial reasoning. Our experiments show that augmenting textual reasoning chains with dynamic visual drafts, overlaid on input images, significantly outperforms conventional approaches, offering new insights into spatial reasoning in evolving environments. To generalize this capability, we propose D2R (Dynamic Draft-Augmented Reasoning), a training-free framework that seamlessly integrates textual CoT with corresponding visual drafts into MLLMs. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that D2R consistently enhances performance across diverse tasks, establishing a robust baseline for dynamic spatial reasoning without requiring model fine-tuning. Project is open at https://github.com/Cratileo/D2R.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 21 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2025.
Builds on
21 of 27 references.
References · 21
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
- 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phonecited by 1,079
- 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 736
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
- 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understandingcited by 572
- 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Actioncited by 517
9 more
- 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Stepcited by 454
- 2024NVILA: Efficient Frontier Visual Language Modelscited by 209
- 2025Imagine while Reasoning in Space: Multimodal Visualization-of-Thoughtcited by 206
- 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 164
- 2023DDCoT: Duty-Distinct Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Multimodal Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 128
- 2025MME-CoT: Benchmarking Chain-of-Thought in Large Multimodal Models for Reasoning Quality, Robustness, and Efficiencycited by 125
- 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 121
- 2024Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 51
- 2022The Abduction of Sherlock Holmes: A Dataset for Visual Abductive Reasoningcited by 38
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025EmbodiedVSR: Dynamic Scene Graph-Guided Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Visual Spatial Tasks
- 2026SpatialImaginer: Towards Adaptive Visual Imagination for Spatial Reasoning
- 2025Scaling and Beyond: Advancing Spatial Reasoning in MLLMs Requires New Recipes
- 2025Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey of Tasks, Benchmarks and Methods
- 2026When More Is Less: A Systematic Analysis of Spatial and Commonsense Information for Visual Spatial Reasoning
- 2025Multimodal Spatial Reasoning in the Large Model Era: A Survey and Benchmarks
- 2025SpatialBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Spatial Cognition
- 2026Towards a Data-Centric Understanding of Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models