Know Or Not: a library for evaluating out-of-knowledge base robustness
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Abstract (arXiv)
While the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have progressed significantly, their use in high-stakes applications have been limited due to risks of hallucination. One key approach in reducing hallucination is retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), but even in such setups, LLMs may still hallucinate when presented with questions outside of the knowledge base. Such behavior is unacceptable in high-stake applications where LLMs are expected to abstain from answering queries it does not have sufficient context on. In this work, we present a novel methodology for systematically evaluating out-of-knowledge base (OOKB) robustness of LLMs (whether LLMs know or do not know) in the RAG setting, without the need for manual annotation of gold standard answers. We implement our methodology in knowornot, an open-source library that enables users to develop their own customized evaluation data and pipelines for OOKB robustness. knowornot comprises four main features. Firstly, it provides a unified, high-level API that streamlines the process of setting up and running robustness benchmarks. Secondly, its modular architecture emphasizes extensibility and flexibility, allowing users to easily integrate their own LLM clients and RAG settings. Thirdly, its rigorous data modeling design ensures experiment reproducibility, reliability and traceability. Lastly, it implements a comprehensive suite of tools for users to customize their pipelines. We demonstrate the utility of knowornot by developing a challenging benchmark, PolicyBench, which spans four Question-Answer (QA) chatbots on government policies, and analyze its OOKB robustness. The source code of knowornot is available https://github.com/govtech-responsibleai/KnowOrNot.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 May 2025.
Builds on
21 of 44 references.
References · 21
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
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- 2024ClashEval: Quantifying the tug-of-war between an LLM's internal prior and external evidencecited by 113
- 2024ContextCite: Attributing Model Generation to Contextcited by 98
- 2023Context-faithful Prompting for Large Language Modelscited by 80
- 2023Alignment for Honestycited by 74
9 more
- 2023Selectively Answering Ambiguous Questionscited by 66
- 2024Do LLMs Know When to NOT Answer? Investigating Abstention Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 57
- 2024Uncertainty-Based Abstention in LLMs Improves Safety and Reduces Hallucinationscited by 54
- 2023Knowing What LLMs DO NOT Know: A Simple Yet Effective Self-Detection Methodcited by 51
- 2024To Trust or Not to Trust? Enhancing Large Language Models' Situated Faithfulness to External Contextscited by 25
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- 2025YourBench: Easy Custom Evaluation Sets for Everyonecited by 20
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- 2024Fine-Tuning Large Language Models to Appropriately Abstain with Semantic Entropycited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Evaluating the Retrieval Robustness of Large Language Models
- 2024Enhancing LLM Factual Accuracy with RAG to Counter Hallucinations: A Case Study on Domain-Specific Queries in Private Knowledge-Bases
- 2025Investigating the Robustness of Retrieval-Augmented Generation at the Query Level
- 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey
- 2024Trustworthiness in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems: A Survey
- 2023"Knowing When You Don't Know": A Multilingual Relevance Assessment Dataset for Robust Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2025After Retrieval, Before Generation: Enhancing the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2024KnowShiftQA: How Robust are RAG Systems when Textbook Knowledge Shifts in K-12 Education?