mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MARK: Memory Augmented Refinement of Knowledge

arXiv 2505.05177 ↗First posted 8 May 2025cs.AI cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) assist in specialized tasks but struggle to align with evolving domain knowledge without costly fine-tuning. Domain knowledge consists of: Knowledge: Immutable facts (e.g., 'A stone is solid') and generally accepted principles (e.g., ethical standards); Refined Memory: Evolving insights shaped by business needs and real-world changes. However, a significant gap often exists between a domain expert's deep, nuanced understanding and the system's domain knowledge, which can hinder accurate information retrieval and application. Our Memory-Augmented Refinement of Knowledge (MARK) framework enables LLMs to continuously learn without retraining by leveraging structured refined memory, inspired by the Society of Mind. MARK operates through specialized agents, each serving a distinct role: Residual Refined Memory Agent: Stores and retrieves domain-specific insights to maintain context over time; User Question Refined Memory Agent: Captures user-provided facts, abbreviations, and terminology for better comprehension; LLM Response Refined Memory Agent: Extracts key elements from responses for refinement and personalization. These agents analyse stored refined memory, detect patterns, resolve contradictions, and improve response accuracy. Temporal factors like recency and frequency prioritize relevant information while discarding outdated insights. MARK enhances LLMs in multiple ways: Ground Truth Strategy: Reduces hallucinations by establishing a structured reference; Domain-Specific Adaptation: Essential for fields like healthcare, law, and manufacturing, where proprietary insights are absent from public datasets; Personalized AI Assistants: Improves virtual assistants by remembering user preferences, ensuring coherent responses over time.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 May 2025.

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14 of 18 references.

References · 14

  1. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  2. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  3. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,988
  4. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 1,063
  5. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agentscited by 634
  6. 2022MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answeringcited by 543
  7. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 429
  8. 2025AgentSociety: Large-Scale Simulation of LLM-Driven Generative Agents Advances Understanding of Human Behaviors and Societycited by 186
  9. 2024Seven Failure Points When Engineering a Retrieval Augmented Generation Systemcited by 139
  10. 2024On the Structural Memory of LLM Agentscited by 37
  11. 2024Fine-tuning and Utilization Methods of Domain-specific LLMscited by 36
  12. 2024"My agent understands me better": Integrating Dynamic Human-like Memory Recall and Consolidation in LLM-Based Agentscited by 29
2 more
  1. 2024Gemini Goes to Med School: Exploring the Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models on Medical Challenge Problems & Hallucinationscited by 27
  2. 2024Challenges in Human-Agent Communicationcited by 12

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3.

3 papers.