On Path to Multimodal Generalist: General-Level and General-Bench
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
The Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) is currently experiencing rapid growth, driven by the advanced capabilities of LLMs. Unlike earlier specialists, existing MLLMs are evolving towards a Multimodal Generalist paradigm. Initially limited to understanding multiple modalities, these models have advanced to not only comprehend but also generate across modalities. Their capabilities have expanded from coarse-grained to fine-grained multimodal understanding and from supporting limited modalities to arbitrary ones. While many benchmarks exist to assess MLLMs, a critical question arises: Can we simply assume that higher performance across tasks indicates a stronger MLLM capability, bringing us closer to human-level AI? We argue that the answer is not as straightforward as it seems. This project introduces General-Level, an evaluation framework that defines 5-scale levels of MLLM performance and generality, offering a methodology to compare MLLMs and gauge the progress of existing systems towards more robust multimodal generalists and, ultimately, towards AGI. At the core of the framework is the concept of Synergy, which measures whether models maintain consistent capabilities across comprehension and generation, and across multiple modalities. To support this evaluation, we present General-Bench, which encompasses a broader spectrum of skills, modalities, formats, and capabilities, including over 700 tasks and 325,800 instances. The evaluation results that involve over 100 existing state-of-the-art MLLMs uncover the capability rankings of generalists, highlighting the challenges in reaching genuine AI. We expect this project to pave the way for future research on next-generation multimodal foundation models, providing a robust infrastructure to accelerate the realization of AGI. Project page: https://generalist.top/
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. First posted on arXiv 7 May 2025.
Builds on
0 of 0 references.
No references here yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 10.
18 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025DenseWorld-1M: Towards Detailed Dense Grounded Caption in the Real Worldcited by 16
- 2025UniVA: Universal Video Agent towards Open-Source Next-Generation Video Generalistcited by 15
- 2025Circle-RoPE: Cone-like Decoupled Rotary Positional Embedding for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 14
- 2025Mixed-R1: Unified Reward Perspective For Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 13
- 2025Dr.V: A Hierarchical Perception-Temporal-Cognition Framework to Diagnose Video Hallucination by Fine-grained Spatial-Temporal Groundingcited by 13
- 2025Dense360: Dense Understanding from Omnidirectional Panoramascited by 9
- 2026UniM: A Unified Any-to-Any Interleaved Multimodal Benchmarkcited by 9
- 2025MuSLR: Multimodal Symbolic Logical Reasoningcited by 7
- 2026Benchmark Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 5
- 2026Null Space Constrained Contrastive Visual Forgetting for MLLM Unlearningcited by 3
- 2026Adapter-Augmented Bandits for Online Multi-Constrained Multi-Modal Inference Schedulingcited by 2
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architecturescited by 1
6 more
- 2026Ostrakon-VL: Towards Domain-Expert MLLM for Food-Service and Retail Storescited by 0
- 2026Synergizing Understanding and Generation with Interleaved Analyzing-Drafting Thinkingcited by 0
- 2026Orthogonal Spatial-temporal Distributional Transfer for 4D Generationcited by 0
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMscited by 0
- 2026OmniAssistBench: Assistant-style Interaction Benchmark for Omni-LLMscited by 0
- 2026Can MiniMax-H3 Reason About the Physical World? An Evaluation of Omni-Modal Generative Modelcited by 0
- 2026Can MiniMax-H3 Reason About the Physical World? An Evaluation of Omni-Modal Generative Model16 Sep 2026
- 2026OmniAssistBench: Assistant-style Interaction Benchmark for Omni-LLMs21 Aug 2026
- 2026Benchmark Everything Everywhere All at Once4 Jun 2026
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Null Space Constrained Contrastive Visual Forgetting for MLLM Unlearning7 May 2026
- 2026Adapter-Augmented Bandits for Online Multi-Constrained Multi-Modal Inference Scheduling6 Mar 2026
- 2026Orthogonal Spatial-temporal Distributional Transfer for 4D Generation5 Mar 2026
- 2026UniM: A Unified Any-to-Any Interleaved Multimodal Benchmark5 Mar 2026
- 2026Synergizing Understanding and Generation with Interleaved Analyzing-Drafting Thinking24 Feb 2026
- 2026Ostrakon-VL: Towards Domain-Expert MLLM for Food-Service and Retail Stores29 Jan 2026
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architectures19 Nov 2025
- 2025UniVA: Universal Video Agent towards Open-Source Next-Generation Video Generalist11 Nov 2025
6 more
- 2025MuSLR: Multimodal Symbolic Logical Reasoning30 Sep 2025
- 2025Dr.V: A Hierarchical Perception-Temporal-Cognition Framework to Diagnose Video Hallucination by Fine-grained Spatial-Temporal Grounding15 Sep 2025
- 2025DenseWorld-1M: Towards Detailed Dense Grounded Caption in the Real World30 Jun 2025
- 2025Dense360: Dense Understanding from Omnidirectional Panoramas17 Jun 2025
- 2025Mixed-R1: Unified Reward Perspective For Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models30 May 2025
- 2025Circle-RoPE: Cone-like Decoupled Rotary Positional Embedding for Large Vision-Language Models22 May 2025
- 2025DenseWorld-1M: Towards Detailed Dense Grounded Caption in the Real Worldcited by 16
- 2025Circle-RoPE: Cone-like Decoupled Rotary Positional Embedding for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 14
- 2025Dense360: Dense Understanding from Omnidirectional Panoramascited by 9
- 2026Adapter-Augmented Bandits for Online Multi-Constrained Multi-Modal Inference Schedulingcited by 2
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architecturescited by 1
- 2026Ostrakon-VL: Towards Domain-Expert MLLM for Food-Service and Retail Storescited by 0
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMscited by 0
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Adapter-Augmented Bandits for Online Multi-Constrained Multi-Modal Inference Scheduling6 Mar 2026
- 2026Ostrakon-VL: Towards Domain-Expert MLLM for Food-Service and Retail Stores29 Jan 2026
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architectures19 Nov 2025
- 2025DenseWorld-1M: Towards Detailed Dense Grounded Caption in the Real World30 Jun 2025
- 2025Dense360: Dense Understanding from Omnidirectional Panoramas17 Jun 2025
- 2025Circle-RoPE: Cone-like Decoupled Rotary Positional Embedding for Large Vision-Language Models22 May 2025
- 2025Dr.V: A Hierarchical Perception-Temporal-Cognition Framework to Diagnose Video Hallucination by Fine-grained Spatial-Temporal Groundingcited by 13
- 2026UniM: A Unified Any-to-Any Interleaved Multimodal Benchmarkcited by 9
- 2026Benchmark Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 5
- 2026OmniAssistBench: Assistant-style Interaction Benchmark for Omni-LLMscited by 0
- 2026Can MiniMax-H3 Reason About the Physical World? An Evaluation of Omni-Modal Generative Modelcited by 0
- 2026Can MiniMax-H3 Reason About the Physical World? An Evaluation of Omni-Modal Generative Model16 Sep 2026
- 2026OmniAssistBench: Assistant-style Interaction Benchmark for Omni-LLMs21 Aug 2026
- 2026Benchmark Everything Everywhere All at Once4 Jun 2026
- 2026UniM: A Unified Any-to-Any Interleaved Multimodal Benchmark5 Mar 2026
- 2025Dr.V: A Hierarchical Perception-Temporal-Cognition Framework to Diagnose Video Hallucination by Fine-grained Spatial-Temporal Grounding15 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024A Survey on Multimodal Benchmarks: In the Era of Large AI Models
- 2025Empowering Multimodal LLMs with External Tools: A Comprehensive Survey
- 2025Benchmarking Large and Small MLLMs
- 2025Large language models for artificial general intelligence (AGI): A survey of foundational principles and approaches
- 2024MME-Survey: A Comprehensive Survey on Evaluation of Multimodal LLMs
- 2026What We are Missing in Multimodal LLM Evaluation?
- 2023Beyond Task Performance: Evaluating and Reducing the Flaws of Large Multimodal Models with In-Context Learning
- 2023MLLM-Bench: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs with Per-sample Criteria