mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Improving Model Alignment Through Collective Intelligence of Open-Source LLMS

arXiv 2505.03059 ↗First posted 5 May 2025cs.CLcited by 4

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → LLM preference optimization methods

Abstract (arXiv)

Building helpful and harmless large language models (LLMs) requires effective model alignment approach based on human instructions and feedback, which necessitates high-quality human-labeled data. Constructing such datasets is often expensive and hard to scale, and may face potential limitations on diversity and generalization. To address these challenges, we introduce Mixture of Agents Alignment (MoAA), that leverages the collective strengths of various language models to provide high-quality data for model alignment. By employing MoAA, we enhance both supervised fine-tuning and preference optimization, leading to improved performance compared to using a single model alone to generate alignment data (e.g. using GPT-4o alone). Evaluation results show that our approach can improve win rate of LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct from 19.5 to 48.3 on Arena-Hard and from 22.33 to 57.23 on AlpacaEval2, highlighting a promising direction for model alignment through this new scalable and diverse synthetic data recipe. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MoAA enables a self-improvement pipeline, where models finetuned on MoA-generated data surpass their own initial capabilities, providing evidence that our approach can push the frontier of open-source LLMs without reliance on stronger external supervision. Data and code will be released.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in LLM preference optimization methods, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 42 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 May 2025.

Builds on

42 of 54 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Magpie: Alignment Data Synthesis from Scratch by Prompting Aligned LLMs with Nothing12 Jun
  2. 2024SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Reward23 May
  3. 2023A General Theoretical Paradigm to Understand Learning from Human Preferences18 Oct
  4. 2023OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignment14 Apr
  5. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructions20 Dec
  6. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback4 Mar

Other references · 36

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  4. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  5. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  6. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
  7. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  8. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
  9. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  10. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
  11. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  12. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,634
24 more
  1. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,273
  2. 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,748
  3. 2024Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Sizecited by 1,928
  4. 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameterscited by 1,928
  5. 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,785
  6. 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,154
  7. 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,116
  8. 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,050
  9. 2024Large Language Monkeys: Scaling Inference Compute with Repeated Samplingcited by 946
  10. 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 865
  11. 2023Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversationscited by 825
  12. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 752
  13. 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 734
  14. 2023Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 617
  15. 2024From Crowdsourced Data to High-Quality Benchmarks: Arena-Hard and BenchBuilder Pipelinecited by 484
  16. 2024Mixture-of-Agents Enhances Large Language Model Capabilitiescited by 420
  17. 2024Interpretable Preferences via Multi-Objective Reward Modeling and Mixture-of-Expertscited by 369
  18. 2023Large Language Models are Effective Text Rankers with Pairwise Ranking Promptingcited by 302
  19. 2023How is ChatGPT's behavior changing over time?cited by 265
  20. 2024Meta-Rewarding Language Models: Self-Improving Alignment with LLM-as-a-Meta-Judgecited by 202
  21. 2023A Paradigm Shift in Machine Translation: Boosting Translation Performance of Large Language Modelscited by 88
  22. 2024How to Evaluate Reward Models for RLHFcited by 84
  23. 2024Reasoning in Token Economies: Budget-Aware Evaluation of LLM Reasoning Strategiescited by 44
  24. 2024Merge, Ensemble, and Cooperate! A Survey on Collaborative Strategies in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 43

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Dynamic Alignment for Collective Agency: Toward a Scalable Self-Improving Framework for Open-Ended LLM Alignment
  2. 2025SDA: Steering-Driven Distribution Alignment for Open LLMs without Fine-Tuning
  3. 2025Collab: Controlled Decoding using Mixture of Agents for LLM Alignment
  4. 2025Rethinking Mixture-of-Agents: Is Mixing Different Large Language Models Beneficial?
  5. 2024Aligner: Efficient Alignment by Learning to Correct
  6. 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges
  7. 2024Efficient Alignment of Large Language Models via Data Sampling
  8. 2024Sample-Efficient Alignment for LLMs