Kimina Lean Server: A High-Performance Lean Server for Large-Scale Verification
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce the Kimina Lean Server, an open-source project designed as a high-performance verifier for reinforcement learning pipelines. Built on top of the Lean REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) maintained by the Lean FRO, our server combines server-side parallelism by managing multiple Lean processes in parallel with a Least Recently Used (LRU) caching mechanism that reuses Lean imports across requests. On the client side, a lightweight Python package enables submitting proof batches and receiving Lean feedback, including extracted tactics and tactic states. Together, these features enable a scalable workflow for large-scale verification and data extraction. In our experiments, the Kimina Lean Server outperforms previous Lean interaction tools, achieving a 1.5 to 2 times speedup in verification time. Moreover, its improved efficiency has enabled its use in the large-scale training of state-of-the-art models such as Kimina-Prover. We hope that our open-source project will support the neural theorem proving community and accelerate future progress by enabling efficient large-scale verification and proof data extraction.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 14.
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- 2025Hilbert: Recursively Building Formal Proofs with Informal Reasoningcited by 60
- 2025StepFun-Formalizer: Unlocking the Autoformalization Potential of LLMs through Knowledge-Reasoning Fusioncited by 16
- 2025FormalML: A Benchmark for Evaluating Formal Subgoal Completion in Machine Learning Theorycited by 5
- 2026AXLE: A Cloud Infrastructure for Lean 4 Theorem Proving Utilitiescited by 5
- 2026MathlibLemma: Folklore Lemma Generation and Benchmark for Formal Mathematicscited by 4
- 2026GDEPO: Group Dual-dynamic and Equal-right Advantage Policy Optimization with Enhanced Training Data Utilization for Sample-Constrained Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026FormalEvolve: Neuro-Symbolic Evolutionary Search for Diverse Autoformalizationcited by 1
- 2026MechMath: Sorrifier-Driven Formal Decomposition Workflow for Automated Theorem Provingcited by 1
- 2026Discover and Prove: An Open-source Agentic Framework for Hard Mode Automated Theorem Proving in Lean 4cited by 1
- 2026Automating Formal Verification with Reinforcement Learning and Recursive Inferencecited by 1
- 2026MA-ProofBench: A Two-Tiered Evaluation of LLMs for Theorem Proving in Mathematical Analysiscited by 1
- 2026Compile to Compress: Boosting Formal Theorem Provers by Compiler Outputscited by 0
5 more
- 2026Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 4cited by 0
- 2026The FIL Hypothesis: Inductive Biases Help with Kernel Engineeringcited by 0
- 2026TreeThink: A Modular Tree Search Library for Mathematical Reasoning with LLMscited by 0
- 2026MathForm: Scaling Mathematical Autoformalization with Knowledge Retrieval and Verification-Guided Refinementcited by 0
- 2026LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphscited by 0
- 2026LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphs8 Oct 2026
- 2026MathForm: Scaling Mathematical Autoformalization with Knowledge Retrieval and Verification-Guided Refinement14 Aug 2026
- 2026TreeThink: A Modular Tree Search Library for Mathematical Reasoning with LLMs13 Jul 2026
- 2026The FIL Hypothesis: Inductive Biases Help with Kernel Engineering29 Jun 2026
- 2026AXLE: A Cloud Infrastructure for Lean 4 Theorem Proving Utilities24 Jun 2026
- 2026MA-ProofBench: A Two-Tiered Evaluation of LLMs for Theorem Proving in Mathematical Analysis11 Jun 2026
- 2026Automating Formal Verification with Reinforcement Learning and Recursive Inference29 May 2026
- 2026Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 425 May 2026
- 2026Discover and Prove: An Open-source Agentic Framework for Hard Mode Automated Theorem Proving in Lean 417 Apr 2026
- 2026MechMath: Sorrifier-Driven Formal Decomposition Workflow for Automated Theorem Proving25 Mar 2026
- 2026FormalEvolve: Neuro-Symbolic Evolutionary Search for Diverse Autoformalization20 Mar 2026
- 2026Compile to Compress: Boosting Formal Theorem Provers by Compiler Outputs13 Mar 2026
5 more
- 2026MathlibLemma: Folklore Lemma Generation and Benchmark for Formal Mathematics30 Jan 2026
- 2026GDEPO: Group Dual-dynamic and Equal-right Advantage Policy Optimization with Enhanced Training Data Utilization for Sample-Constrained Reinforcement Learning11 Jan 2026
- 2025FormalML: A Benchmark for Evaluating Formal Subgoal Completion in Machine Learning Theory26 Sep 2025
- 2025Hilbert: Recursively Building Formal Proofs with Informal Reasoning26 Sep 2025
- 2025StepFun-Formalizer: Unlocking the Autoformalization Potential of LLMs through Knowledge-Reasoning Fusion6 Aug 2025
- 2025Hilbert: Recursively Building Formal Proofs with Informal Reasoningcited by 60
- 2025StepFun-Formalizer: Unlocking the Autoformalization Potential of LLMs through Knowledge-Reasoning Fusioncited by 16
- 2026MathlibLemma: Folklore Lemma Generation and Benchmark for Formal Mathematicscited by 4
- 2026GDEPO: Group Dual-dynamic and Equal-right Advantage Policy Optimization with Enhanced Training Data Utilization for Sample-Constrained Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026Compile to Compress: Boosting Formal Theorem Provers by Compiler Outputscited by 0
- 2026TreeThink: A Modular Tree Search Library for Mathematical Reasoning with LLMscited by 0
- 2026TreeThink: A Modular Tree Search Library for Mathematical Reasoning with LLMs13 Jul 2026
- 2026Compile to Compress: Boosting Formal Theorem Provers by Compiler Outputs13 Mar 2026
- 2026MathlibLemma: Folklore Lemma Generation and Benchmark for Formal Mathematics30 Jan 2026
- 2026GDEPO: Group Dual-dynamic and Equal-right Advantage Policy Optimization with Enhanced Training Data Utilization for Sample-Constrained Reinforcement Learning11 Jan 2026
- 2025Hilbert: Recursively Building Formal Proofs with Informal Reasoning26 Sep 2025
- 2025StepFun-Formalizer: Unlocking the Autoformalization Potential of LLMs through Knowledge-Reasoning Fusion6 Aug 2025
- 2025FormalML: A Benchmark for Evaluating Formal Subgoal Completion in Machine Learning Theorycited by 5
- 2026AXLE: A Cloud Infrastructure for Lean 4 Theorem Proving Utilitiescited by 5
- 2026FormalEvolve: Neuro-Symbolic Evolutionary Search for Diverse Autoformalizationcited by 1
- 2026MA-ProofBench: A Two-Tiered Evaluation of LLMs for Theorem Proving in Mathematical Analysiscited by 1
- 2026Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 4cited by 0
- 2026The FIL Hypothesis: Inductive Biases Help with Kernel Engineeringcited by 0
- 2026MathForm: Scaling Mathematical Autoformalization with Knowledge Retrieval and Verification-Guided Refinementcited by 0
- 2026LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphscited by 0
- 2026LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphs8 Oct 2026
- 2026MathForm: Scaling Mathematical Autoformalization with Knowledge Retrieval and Verification-Guided Refinement14 Aug 2026
- 2026The FIL Hypothesis: Inductive Biases Help with Kernel Engineering29 Jun 2026
- 2026AXLE: A Cloud Infrastructure for Lean 4 Theorem Proving Utilities24 Jun 2026
- 2026MA-ProofBench: A Two-Tiered Evaluation of LLMs for Theorem Proving in Mathematical Analysis11 Jun 2026
- 2026Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 425 May 2026
- 2026FormalEvolve: Neuro-Symbolic Evolutionary Search for Diverse Autoformalization20 Mar 2026
- 2025FormalML: A Benchmark for Evaluating Formal Subgoal Completion in Machine Learning Theory26 Sep 2025