The Point, the Vision and the Text: Does Point Cloud Boost Spatial Reasoning of Large Language Models? A Bias-Controlled Study
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
3D Large Language Models (LLMs) leveraging spatial information in point clouds for 3D spatial reasoning attract great attention. Despite some promising results, the advantages of point clouds over other modalities remain unclear. Moreover, existing 3D benchmarks are insufficient for fairly evaluating the ability of multimodal LLMs to comprehend spatial concepts. To address these challenges, we introduce ScanReQA, a 3D spatial reasoning benchmark encompassing text, vision, and point cloud modalities. We then evaluate the performance of text, 2D, and 3D LLMs on the benchmark to compare the effectiveness of different modalities in understanding spatial concepts. Furthermore, we analyze the reasoning mechanisms behind 3D LLMs using point clouds. Our findings reveal that: 1) binary spatial reasoning remains challenging for current 3D LLMs, 2) MLLMs based on point cloud and visual modalities demonstrate stronger spatial reasoning capabilities than LLMs, and 3) 3D LLMs exhibit the attention sink phenomenon similar to that in 2D LLMs, impairing spatial reasoning. We think these conclusions can help the next step of 3D LLMs and also offer insights for foundation models in other modalities. We release datasets and codes in the project page: https://github.com/EmbodiedCity/ScanReQA.code.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 24 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Apr 2025.
Builds on
24 of 56 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spaces18 Dec
- 2022SQA3D: Situated Question Answering in 3D Scenes14 Oct
Other references · 22
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- 2023Chat-3D: Data-efficiently Tuning Large Language Model for Universal Dialogue of 3D Scenescited by 125
- 2024Towards Interpreting Visual Information Processing in Vision-Language Modelscited by 115
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.
5 papers.
- 2025AirCopBench: A Benchmark for Multi-drone Collaborative Embodied Perception and Reasoningcited by 19
- 2026World2Mind: Cognition Toolkit for Allocentric Spatial Reasoning in Foundation Modelscited by 1
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- 2026Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Modelscited by 0
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- 2026AlloSpatial: Agentic Harness Framework for Spatial Reasoning in Foundation Models8 Jun 2026
- 2026Flat-Pack Bench: Evaluating Spatio-Temporal Understanding in Large Vision-Language Models through Furniture Assembly20 May 2026
- 2026Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Models9 May 2026
- 2026World2Mind: Cognition Toolkit for Allocentric Spatial Reasoning in Foundation Models10 Mar 2026
- 2025AirCopBench: A Benchmark for Multi-drone Collaborative Embodied Perception and Reasoning14 Nov 2025
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