mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Point, the Vision and the Text: Does Point Cloud Boost Spatial Reasoning of Large Language Models? A Bias-Controlled Study

arXiv 2504.04540 ↗First posted 6 Apr 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

3D Large Language Models (LLMs) leveraging spatial information in point clouds for 3D spatial reasoning attract great attention. Despite some promising results, the advantages of point clouds over other modalities remain unclear. Moreover, existing 3D benchmarks are insufficient for fairly evaluating the ability of multimodal LLMs to comprehend spatial concepts. To address these challenges, we introduce ScanReQA, a 3D spatial reasoning benchmark encompassing text, vision, and point cloud modalities. We then evaluate the performance of text, 2D, and 3D LLMs on the benchmark to compare the effectiveness of different modalities in understanding spatial concepts. Furthermore, we analyze the reasoning mechanisms behind 3D LLMs using point clouds. Our findings reveal that: 1) binary spatial reasoning remains challenging for current 3D LLMs, 2) MLLMs based on point cloud and visual modalities demonstrate stronger spatial reasoning capabilities than LLMs, and 3) 3D LLMs exhibit the attention sink phenomenon similar to that in 2D LLMs, impairing spatial reasoning. We think these conclusions can help the next step of 3D LLMs and also offer insights for foundation models in other modalities. We release datasets and codes in the project page: https://github.com/EmbodiedCity/ScanReQA.code.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 24 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Apr 2025.

Builds on

24 of 56 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spaces18 Dec
  2. 2022SQA3D: Situated Question Answering in 3D Scenes14 Oct

Other references · 22

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  5. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  6. 2023Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinkscited by 2,115
  7. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,037
  8. 2024Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Reportcited by 1,151
  9. 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 810
  10. 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportcited by 724
  11. 2023An Embodied Generalist Agent in 3D Worldcited by 355
  12. 2024LLaVA-3D: A Simple yet Effective Pathway to Empowering LMMs with 3D-awarenesscited by 178
10 more
  1. 2025MLLMs Know Where to Look: Training-free Perception of Small Visual Details with Multimodal LLMscited by 172
  2. 2023Chat-Scene: Bridging 3D Scene and Large Language Models with Object Identifierscited by 170
  3. 2025LLaVA-Mini: Efficient Image and Video Large Multimodal Models with One Vision Tokencited by 164
  4. 2025See What You Are Told: Visual Attention Sink in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 127
  5. 2023Chat-3D: Data-efficiently Tuning Large Language Model for Universal Dialogue of 3D Scenescited by 125
  6. 2024Towards Interpreting Visual Information Processing in Vision-Language Modelscited by 115
  7. 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Modelscited by 106
  8. 2024Lexicon3D: Probing Visual Foundation Models for Complex 3D Scene Understandingcited by 46
  9. 2023Lan-grasp: Using Large Language Models for Semantic Object Grasping and Placementcited by 16
  10. 2025Understanding and Evaluating Hallucinations in 3D Visual Language Modelscited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey of Tasks, Benchmarks and Methods
  2. 2024Is A Picture Worth A Thousand Words? Delving Into Spatial Reasoning for Vision Language Models
  3. 2025Enhancing Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models through Reasoning-based Segmentation
  4. 2025Scaling and Beyond: Advancing Spatial Reasoning in MLLMs Requires New Recipes
  5. 2026Do 3D Large Language Models Really Understand 3D Spatial Relationships?
  6. 2025Stuck in the Matrix: Probing Spatial Reasoning in Large Language Models
  7. 2025Mind the Gap: Benchmarking Spatial Reasoning in Vision-Language Models
  8. 2025Open3D-VQA: A Benchmark for Comprehensive Spatial Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Model in Open Space