More Bang for the Buck: Process Reward Modeling with Entropy-Driven Uncertainty
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce the Entropy-Driven Uncertainty Process Reward Model (EDU-PRM), a novel entropy-driven training framework for process reward modeling that enables dynamic, uncertainty-aligned segmentation of complex reasoning steps, eliminating the need for costly manual step annotations. Unlike previous Process Reward Models (PRMs) that rely on static partitioning and human labeling, EDU-PRM automatically anchors step boundaries at tokens with high predictive entropy, effectively capturing intrinsic logical transitions and facilitating efficient exploration of diverse reasoning paths. On the ProcessBench benchmark, EDU-PRM outperforms strong public PRM baselines, such as Math-Shepherd PRM and Omega PRM, and EDU-PRM achieves comparable results with SOTA models while only using 1.5% training data. Furthermore, by leveraging our proposed EDU sampling strategy, we observe accuracy boosts from 64.7% to 67.3% for generative reasoning tasks, accompanied by a reduction of 32% in token usage. These findings underscore the potential of EDU-PRM as a scalable and annotation-efficient paradigm for process supervision in mathematical reasoning, paving the way for more efficient and robust approaches to complex mathematical problem solving.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2025.
Builds on
14 of 38 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Uncertainty-Aware Step-wise Verification with Generative Reward Models16 Feb
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning22 Jan
- 2024Entropy-Regularized Process Reward Model15 Dec
- 2024Free Process Rewards without Process Labels2 Dec
- 2024Improve Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models by Automated Process Supervision5 Jun
Other references · 9
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
- 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,076
- 2024Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvementcited by 1,057
- 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportcited by 724
- 2024Monte Carlo Tree Search Boosts Reasoning via Iterative Preference Learningcited by 238
- 2024Meta-Rewarding Language Models: Self-Improving Alignment with LLM-as-a-Meta-Judgecited by 202
- 2024Reinforcement Learning: An Overviewcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 9.
10 papers.
- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Modelscited by 37
- 2026PRPO: Aligning Process Reward with Outcome Reward in Policy Optimizationcited by 7
- 2026Group-Graph Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2026PaLMR: Towards Faithful Visual Reasoning via Multimodal Process Alignmentcited by 5
- 2026TreeAdv: Tree-Structured Advantage Redistribution for Group-Based RLcited by 4
- 2026Towards Robust Process Reward Modeling via Noise-aware Learningcited by 2
- 2026SDR: Set-Distance Rewards for Radiology Report Generationcited by 2
- 2026Entropy-Guided Data-Efficient Training for Multimodal Reasoning Reward Modelscited by 1
- 2026Entropy Centroids as Intrinsic Rewards for Test-Time Scalingcited by 0
- 2026Back to the Definition: Estimating Step-Level Advantages via Trajectory Graphs for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Back to the Definition: Estimating Step-Level Advantages via Trajectory Graphs for Agentic Reinforcement Learning24 Sep 2026
- 2026Group-Graph Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Agentic Reinforcement Learning22 Jun 2026
- 2026SDR: Set-Distance Rewards for Radiology Report Generation30 May 2026
- 2026Entropy Centroids as Intrinsic Rewards for Test-Time Scaling28 Apr 2026
- 2026PaLMR: Towards Faithful Visual Reasoning via Multimodal Process Alignment28 Feb 2026
- 2026Entropy-Guided Data-Efficient Training for Multimodal Reasoning Reward Models2 Feb 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Process Reward Modeling via Noise-aware Learning19 Jan 2026
- 2026PRPO: Aligning Process Reward with Outcome Reward in Policy Optimization12 Jan 2026
- 2026TreeAdv: Tree-Structured Advantage Redistribution for Group-Based RL7 Jan 2026
- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Models9 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025R-PRM: Reasoning-Driven Process Reward Modeling
- 2025Uncertainty-Based Methods for Automated Process Reward Data Construction and Output Aggregation in Mathematical Reasoning
- 2025The Lessons of Developing Process Reward Models in Mathematical Reasoning
- 2023Let's reward step by step: Step-Level reward model as the Navigators for Reasoning
- 2025GroundedPRM: Tree-Guided and Fidelity-Aware Process Reward Modeling for Step-Level Reasoning
- 2025PRMBench: A Fine-grained and Challenging Benchmark for Process-Level Reward Models
- 2026Unsupervised Process Reward Models
- 2026The Hidden Bias of Process Reward Models:PRISM for Rewarding the Right Reasoning