mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Where is this coming from? Making groundedness count in the evaluation of Document VQA models

arXiv 2503.19120 ↗First posted 24 Mar 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

Document Visual Question Answering (VQA) models have evolved at an impressive rate over the past few years, coming close to or matching human performance on some benchmarks. We argue that common evaluation metrics used by popular benchmarks do not account for the semantic and multimodal groundedness of a model's outputs. As a result, hallucinations and major semantic errors are treated the same way as well-grounded outputs, and the evaluation scores do not reflect the reasoning capabilities of the model. In response, we propose a new evaluation methodology that accounts for the groundedness of predictions with regard to the semantic characteristics of the output as well as the multimodal placement of the output within the input document. Our proposed methodology is parameterized in such a way that users can configure the score according to their preferences. We validate our scoring methodology using human judgment and show its potential impact on existing popular leaderboards. Through extensive analyses, we demonstrate that our proposed method produces scores that are a better indicator of a model's robustness and tends to give higher rewards to better-calibrated answers.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2025.

Builds on

15 of 32 references.

References · 15

  1. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  2. 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
  3. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
  4. 2024When Benchmarks are Targets: Revealing the Sensitivity of Large Language Model Leaderboardscited by 137
  5. 2023Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE)cited by 135
  6. 2022KERPLE: Kernelized Relative Positional Embedding for Length Extrapolationcited by 86
  7. 2019ICDAR 2019 Competition on Scene Text Visual Question Answeringcited by 46
  8. 2021Document Collection Visual Question Answeringcited by 45
  9. 2024Grounding Language Model with Chunking-Free In-Context Retrievalcited by 30
  10. 2023Omni-SMoLA: Boosting Generalist Multimodal Models with Soft Mixture of Low-rank Expertscited by 26
  11. 2023Reading Order Matters: Information Extraction from Visually-rich Documents by Token Path Predictioncited by 23
  12. 2021ROPE: Reading Order Equivariant Positional Encoding for Graph-based Document Information Extractioncited by 22
3 more
  1. 2024DocGraphLM: Documental Graph Language Model for Information Extractioncited by 6
  2. 2024TreeForm: End-to-end Annotation and Evaluation for Form Document Parsingcited by 3
  3. 2024Arctic-TILT. Business Document Understanding at Sub-Billion Scalecited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026DocAttriBench: Benchmarking Answer Grounding in Document Visual Question Answering
  2. 2024Towards Flexible Evaluation for Generative Visual Question Answering
  3. 2025Evaluating Variance in Visual Question Answering Benchmarks
  4. 2024Groundedness in Retrieval-augmented Long-form Generation: An Empirical Study
  5. 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Visual Question Answering Datasets and Algorithms
  6. 2026Identifying and Resolving Pitfalls of Knowledge-Based VQA Benchmarks: Auditing, Repairing, and Augmenting
  7. 2026TestHallVQA: Exploring LVLMs' Document-Level Reasoning under Redundant Contexts from Scientific Exams
  8. 2024Guiding Vision-Language Model Selection for Visual Question-Answering Across Tasks, Domains, and Knowledge Types