Distilling Monocular Foundation Model for Fine-grained Depth Completion
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Abstract (arXiv)
Depth completion involves predicting dense depth maps from sparse LiDAR inputs. However, sparse depth annotations from sensors limit the availability of dense supervision, which is necessary for learning detailed geometric features. In this paper, we propose a two-stage knowledge distillation framework that leverages powerful monocular foundation models to provide dense supervision for depth completion. In the first stage, we introduce a pre-training strategy that generates diverse training data from natural images, which distills geometric knowledge to depth completion. Specifically, we simulate LiDAR scans by utilizing monocular depth and mesh reconstruction, thereby creating training data without requiring ground-truth depth. Besides, monocular depth estimation suffers from inherent scale ambiguity in real-world settings. To address this, in the second stage, we employ a scale- and shift-invariant loss (SSI Loss) to learn real-world scales when fine-tuning on real-world datasets. Our two-stage distillation framework enables depth completion models to harness the strengths of monocular foundation models. Experimental results demonstrate that models trained with our two-stage distillation framework achieve state-of-the-art performance, ranking first place on the KITTI benchmark. Code is available at https://github.com/Sharpiless/DMD3C
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 85 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2025.
Builds on
61 of 85 references.
References · 61
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- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,444
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- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,495
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,422
- 2017Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environmentscited by 1,376
- 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,360
- 2021DROID-SLAM: Deep Visual SLAM for Monocular, Stereo, and RGB-D Camerascited by 687
- 2023ZoeDepth: Zero-shot Transfer by Combining Relative and Metric Depthcited by 657
- 20193D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 439
38 more
- 2024Metric3Dv2: A Versatile Monocular Geometric Foundation Model for Zero-shot Metric Depth and Surface Normal Estimationcited by 395
- 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 382
- 2023Metric3D: Towards Zero-shot Metric 3D Prediction from A Single Imagecited by 365
- 2017Sparsity Invariant CNNscited by 326
- 2020Google Landmarks Dataset v2 -- A Large-Scale Benchmark for Instance-Level Recognition and Retrievalcited by 309
- 2020Non-Local Spatial Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 195
- 2017Sparse-to-Dense: Depth Prediction from Sparse Depth Samples and a Single Imagecited by 161
- 2018Learning Depth with Convolutional Spatial Propagation Networkcited by 136
- 2021Fine-Grained Image Analysis with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 135
- 2018DeepLiDAR: Deep Surface Normal Guided Depth Prediction for Outdoor Scene from Sparse LiDAR Data and Single Color Imagecited by 129
- 2019Learning Guided Convolutional Network for Depth Completioncited by 111
- 2018Deep Depth Completion of a Single RGB-D Imagecited by 110
- 2019CSPN++: Learning Context and Resource Aware Convolutional Spatial Propagation Networks for Depth Completioncited by 110
- 2019Depth Completion from Sparse LiDAR Data with Depth-Normal Constraintscited by 108
- 2023CompletionFormer: Depth Completion with Convolutions and Vision Transformerscited by 93
- 2019Unsupervised Depth Completion from Visual Inertial Odometrycited by 89
- 2022Sparse Fuse Dense: Towards High Quality 3D Detection with Depth Completioncited by 82
- 2021RigNet: Repetitive Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 80
- 2020Learning Joint 2D-3D Representations for Depth Completioncited by 71
- 2022Dynamic Spatial Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 71
- 2020Adaptive Context-Aware Multi-Modal Network for Depth Completioncited by 69
- 2024Bilateral Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 60
- 2023LRRU: Long-short Range Recurrent Updating Networks for Depth Completioncited by 49
- 2024Frequency-aware Feature Fusion for Dense Image Predictioncited by 48
- 2023Instance Segmentation in the Darkcited by 46
- 2020FCFR-Net: Feature Fusion based Coarse-to-Fine Residual Learning for Depth Completioncited by 45
- 2024Tri-Perspective View Decomposition for Geometry-Aware Depth Completioncited by 42
- 2022Deep Depth Completion from Extremely Sparse Data: A Surveycited by 33
- 2023Atlantis: Enabling Underwater Depth Estimation with Stable Diffusioncited by 28
- 2022DesNet: Decomposed Scale-Consistent Network for Unsupervised Depth Completioncited by 27
- 2022Sparsity Agnostic Depth Completioncited by 27
- 2024Test-Time Adaptation for Depth Completioncited by 26
- 2021Depth Completion using Plane-Residual Representationcited by 24
- 2024OGNI-DC: Robust Depth Completion with Optimization-Guided Neural Iterationscited by 24
- 2022Multi-Modal Masked Pre-Training for Monocular Panoramic Depth Completioncited by 23
- 2023Revisiting Depth Completion from a Stereo Matching Perspective for Cross-domain Generalizationcited by 18
- 2024EventHDR: from Event to High-Speed HDR Videos and Beyondcited by 16
- 2023AugUndo: Scaling Up Augmentations for Monocular Depth Completion and Estimationcited by 15
50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 10.
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- 2025Event-Driven Dynamic Scene Depth Completioncited by 5
- 2025Learning Dense Feature Matching via Lifting Single 2D Image to 3D Spacecited by 4
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistencycited by 4
- 2025Monocular absolute depth estimation from endoscopy via domain-invariant feature learning and latent consistencycited by 2
- 2026AURORA-KITTI: Any-Weather Depth Completion and Denoisingcited by 2
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depthcited by 2
- 2026Gaussian Belief Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 1
- 2026CARD: A Multi-Modal Automotive Dataset for Dense 3D Reconstruction in Challenging Road Topographycited by 1
- 2026Sparse-LiDAR Prompting of Monocular Geometry Foundations: An Empirical Study Toward Long-Range Driving Depthcited by 1
- 2025Vanishing Depth: Training Generalized Depth Adapters with Sinusoidal Depth Preprocessing for Pretrained RGB Encoderscited by 0
- 2026Need for Speed: Zero-Shot Depth Completion with Single-Step Diffusioncited by 0
- 2026Binarized High-Efficiency RAW Video Restoration and Beyondcited by 0
3 more
- 2026Ex-Sim(3)-Reg: 2D-3D Correspondence Pruning via Extended Sim(3) Registrationcited by 0
- 2026FounRef: Robust, Structure-Preserving, and Fast Metric Refinement of Frozen Monocular Foundation Priors with Sparse Anchorscited by 0
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depth: Interpretable Metricization for Generalizable Depth Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depth: Interpretable Metricization for Generalizable Depth Perception12 Oct 2026
- 2026FounRef: Robust, Structure-Preserving, and Fast Metric Refinement of Frozen Monocular Foundation Priors with Sparse Anchors24 Sep 2026
- 2026Ex-Sim(3)-Reg: 2D-3D Correspondence Pruning via Extended Sim(3) Registration28 Aug 2026
- 2026Binarized High-Efficiency RAW Video Restoration and Beyond17 Aug 2026
- 2026Sparse-LiDAR Prompting of Monocular Geometry Foundations: An Empirical Study Toward Long-Range Driving Depth26 May 2026
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depth12 May 2026
- 2026CARD: A Multi-Modal Automotive Dataset for Dense 3D Reconstruction in Challenging Road Topography6 May 2026
- 2026AURORA-KITTI: Any-Weather Depth Completion and Denoising16 Mar 2026
- 2026Need for Speed: Zero-Shot Depth Completion with Single-Step Diffusion11 Mar 2026
- 2026Gaussian Belief Propagation Network for Depth Completion29 Jan 2026
- 2025Monocular absolute depth estimation from endoscopy via domain-invariant feature learning and latent consistency4 Nov 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025Event-Driven Dynamic Scene Depth Completioncited by 5
- 2025Learning Dense Feature Matching via Lifting Single 2D Image to 3D Spacecited by 4
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistencycited by 4
- 2025Monocular absolute depth estimation from endoscopy via domain-invariant feature learning and latent consistencycited by 2
- 2026AURORA-KITTI: Any-Weather Depth Completion and Denoisingcited by 2
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depthcited by 2
- 2026Gaussian Belief Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 1
- 2026CARD: A Multi-Modal Automotive Dataset for Dense 3D Reconstruction in Challenging Road Topographycited by 1
- 2026Sparse-LiDAR Prompting of Monocular Geometry Foundations: An Empirical Study Toward Long-Range Driving Depthcited by 1
- 2025Vanishing Depth: Training Generalized Depth Adapters with Sinusoidal Depth Preprocessing for Pretrained RGB Encoderscited by 0
- 2026Binarized High-Efficiency RAW Video Restoration and Beyondcited by 0
- 2026Ex-Sim(3)-Reg: 2D-3D Correspondence Pruning via Extended Sim(3) Registrationcited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depth: Interpretable Metricization for Generalizable Depth Perception12 Oct 2026
- 2026FounRef: Robust, Structure-Preserving, and Fast Metric Refinement of Frozen Monocular Foundation Priors with Sparse Anchors24 Sep 2026
- 2026Ex-Sim(3)-Reg: 2D-3D Correspondence Pruning via Extended Sim(3) Registration28 Aug 2026
- 2026Binarized High-Efficiency RAW Video Restoration and Beyond17 Aug 2026
- 2026Sparse-LiDAR Prompting of Monocular Geometry Foundations: An Empirical Study Toward Long-Range Driving Depth26 May 2026
- 2026The Midas Touch for Metric Depth12 May 2026
- 2026CARD: A Multi-Modal Automotive Dataset for Dense 3D Reconstruction in Challenging Road Topography6 May 2026
- 2026AURORA-KITTI: Any-Weather Depth Completion and Denoising16 Mar 2026
- 2026Gaussian Belief Propagation Network for Depth Completion29 Jan 2026
- 2025Monocular absolute depth estimation from endoscopy via domain-invariant feature learning and latent consistency4 Nov 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025Learning Dense Feature Matching via Lifting Single 2D Image to 3D Space1 Jul 2025
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
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- 2021Boosting Light-Weight Depth Estimation Via Knowledge Distillation
- 2025Scale-invariant and View-relational Representation Learning for Full Surround Monocular Depth
- 2022Learning Monocular Depth Estimation via Selective Distillation of Stereo Knowledge
- 2022Dense Depth Distillation with Out-of-Distribution Simulated Images
- 2023ADU-Depth: Attention-based Distillation with Uncertainty Modeling for Depth Estimation
- 2022Monitored Distillation for Positive Congruent Depth Completion
- 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detection
- 2022Cross-Modality Knowledge Distillation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection