mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DriveLMM-o1: A Step-by-Step Reasoning Dataset and Large Multimodal Model for Driving Scenario Understanding

arXiv 2503.10621 ↗First posted 13 Mar 2025cs.CV cs.ROcited by 35

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Driving VLMs and open-vocabulary detection

Abstract (arXiv)

While large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, certain challenges require complex multi-step reasoning to reach accurate answers. One particularly challenging task is autonomous driving, which demands thorough cognitive processing before decisions can be made. In this domain, a sequential and interpretive understanding of visual cues is essential for effective perception, prediction, and planning. Nevertheless, common VQA benchmarks often focus on the accuracy of the final answer while overlooking the reasoning process that enables the generation of accurate responses. Moreover, existing methods lack a comprehensive framework for evaluating step-by-step reasoning in realistic driving scenarios. To address this gap, we propose DriveLMM-o1, a new dataset and benchmark specifically designed to advance step-wise visual reasoning for autonomous driving. Our benchmark features over 18k VQA examples in the training set and more than 4k in the test set, covering diverse questions on perception, prediction, and planning, each enriched with step-by-step reasoning to ensure logical inference in autonomous driving scenarios. We further introduce a large multimodal model that is fine-tuned on our reasoning dataset, demonstrating robust performance in complex driving scenarios. In addition, we benchmark various open-source and closed-source methods on our proposed dataset, systematically comparing their reasoning capabilities for autonomous driving tasks. Our model achieves a +7.49% gain in final answer accuracy, along with a 3.62% improvement in reasoning score over the previous best open-source model. Our framework, dataset, and model are available at https://github.com/ayesha-ishaq/DriveLMM-o1.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Driving VLMs and open-vocabulary detection, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 29 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.

Builds on

29 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Holistic Autonomous Driving Understanding by Bird's-Eye-View Injected Multi-Modal Large Models2 Jan
  2. 2023DriveLM: Driving with Graph Visual Question Answering21 Dec
  3. 2023LingoQA: Visual Question Answering for Autonomous Driving21 Dec
  4. 2023Reason2Drive: Towards Interpretable and Chain-based Reasoning for Autonomous Driving6 Dec
  5. 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Model2 Oct

Other references · 24

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
  4. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  5. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
  6. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  7. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
  8. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
  9. 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,881
  10. 2022Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Modelscited by 1,359
  11. 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Stepcited by 446
  12. 2019Explain Yourself! Leveraging Language Models for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 367
12 more
  1. 2023NuScenes-QA: A Multi-modal Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Autonomous Driving Scenariocited by 258
  2. 2023Driving with LLMs: Fusing Object-Level Vector Modality for Explainable Autonomous Drivingcited by 231
  3. 2018Textual Explanations for Self-Driving Vehiclescited by 226
  4. 2022ROSCOE: A Suite of Metrics for Scoring Step-by-Step Reasoningcited by 175
  5. 2024Mulberry: Empowering MLLM with o1-like Reasoning and Reflection via Collective Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 171
  6. 2024Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 167
  7. 2025LlamaV-o1: Rethinking Step-by-step Visual Reasoning in LLMscited by 145
  8. 2024Improve Vision Language Model Chain-of-thought Reasoningcited by 135
  9. 2023ReCEval: Evaluating Reasoning Chains via Correctness and Informativenesscited by 76
  10. 2024Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Beyond Accuracycited by 69
  11. 2021Tell me why! Explanations support learning relational and causal structurecited by 36
  12. 2023Explaining Autonomous Driving Actions with Visual Question Answeringcited by 16

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 20; 2026: 15.

35 papers.

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  1. 2025Alpamayo-R1: Bridging Reasoning and Action Prediction for Generalizable Autonomous Driving in the Long Tailcited by 136
  2. 2025A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 72
  3. 2025Foundation Models in Autonomous Driving: A Survey on Scenario Generation and Scenario Analysiscited by 37
  4. 2025AgentThink: A Unified Framework for Tool-Augmented Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 35
  5. 2025A Survey on Agentic Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 19
  6. 2025STSBench: A Spatio-temporal Scenario Benchmark for Multi-modal Large Language Models in Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
  7. 2025dVLM-AD: Enhance Diffusion Vision-Language-Model for Driving via Controllable Reasoningcited by 14
  8. 2025Chain-of-Thought for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospectscited by 12
  9. 2025MTRDrive: Memory-Tool Synergistic Reasoning for Robust Autonomous Driving in Corner Casescited by 9
  10. 2025OmniDrive-R1: Reinforcement-driven Interleaved Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought for Trustworthy Vision-Language Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
  11. 2026Xiaomi OneVL: One-Step Latent Reasoning and Planning with Vision-Language Explanationcited by 9
  12. 2026Bench2Drive-VL: Benchmarks for Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving with Vision-Language Modelscited by 8
23 more
  1. 2025Tracking Meets Large Multimodal Models for Driving Scenario Understandingcited by 7
  2. 2025NuRisk: A Visual Question Answering Dataset for Agent-Level Risk Assessment in Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  3. 2025DriveRX: A Vision-Language Reasoning Model for Cross-Task Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  4. 2026SparseOccVLA: Bridging Occupancy and Vision-Language Models via Sparse Queries for Unified 4D Scene Understanding and Planningcited by 4
  5. 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AIcited by 3
  6. 2025DSBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating External and In-Cabin Riskscited by 3
  7. 2025From Segments to Scenes: Temporal Understanding for Agentic Autonomous Driving via Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  8. 2026CritiqueDriveVLM: From Verifier-Guided Reinforcement Learning to Latent Thought Distillation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
  9. 2025How Good are Foundation Models in Step-by-Step Embodied Reasoning?cited by 1
  10. 2025Long Grounded Thoughts: Synthesizing Visual Problems and Reasoning Chains at Scalecited by 1
  11. 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
  12. 2026RailVQA: A Benchmark and Framework for Efficient Interpretable Visual Cognition in Automatic Train Operationcited by 1
  13. 2026XEmbodied: A Foundation Model with Enhanced Geometric and Physical Cues for Large-Scale Embodied Environmentscited by 1
  14. 2026ObsDriveBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Understanding under Adverse Weather with Observability Awarenesscited by 1
  15. 2025Dataset Safety in Autonomous Driving: Requirements, Risks, and Assurancecited by 0
  16. 2026From Steering to Pedalling: Do Autonomous Driving VLMs Generalize to Cyclist-Assistive Spatial Perception and Planning?cited by 0
  17. 2026Cross-Stage Coherence in Hierarchical Driving VQA: Explicit Baselines and Learned Gated Context Projectorscited by 0
  18. 2026Information Coordination as a Bridge: A Neuro-Symbolic Architecture for Reliable Autonomous Driving Scene Understandingcited by 0
  19. 2026MVPruner: Dynamic Token Pruning for Accelerating Multi-view Vision-Language Models in Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
  20. 2026FactorDrive: Adaptive Multi-Step Reasoning Driven by Planning-Critical Factors for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
  21. 2026Inter-3D VQA: A Roadside Multimodal Benchmark for 3D Spatiotemporally Grounded Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
  22. 2026CoLT-Drive: Counterfactual Long-Tail Benchmarking and Knowledge-Preserving Adaptation for Driving Affordance Predictioncited by 0
  23. 2026CASCADE: A Spatio-Temporal-Causal Reasoning Representation and Dataset for Drivingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025WaymoQA: A Multi-View Visual Question Answering Dataset for Safety-Critical Reasoning in Autonomous Driving
  2. 2025Fine-Grained Evaluation of Large Vision-Language Models in Autonomous Driving
  3. 2025VLMs Guided Interpretable Decision Making for Autonomous Driving
  4. 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectives
  5. 2025DriveQA: Passing the Driving Knowledge Test
  6. 2025STRIDE-QA: Visual Question Answering Dataset for Spatiotemporal Reasoning in Urban Driving Scenes
  7. 2025ReasonDrive: Efficient Visual Question Answering for Autonomous Vehicles with Reasoning-Enhanced Small Vision-Language Models
  8. 2025NuPlanQA: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Multi-View Driving Scene Understanding in Multi-Modal Large Language Models