mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LexPro-1.0 Technical Report

arXiv 2503.06949 ↗First posted 10 Mar 2025cs.CLcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

Abstract (arXiv)

In this report, we introduce our first-generation reasoning model, LexPro-1.0, a large language model designed for the highly specialized Chinese legal domain, offering comprehensive capabilities to meet diverse realistic needs. Existing legal LLMs face two primary challenges. Firstly, their design and evaluation are predominantly driven by computer science perspectives, leading to insufficient incorporation of legal expertise and logic, which is crucial for high-precision legal applications, such as handling complex prosecutorial tasks. Secondly, these models often underperform due to a lack of comprehensive training data from the legal domain, limiting their ability to effectively address real-world legal scenarios. To address this, we first compile millions of legal documents covering over 20 types of crimes from 31 provinces in China for model training. From the extensive dataset, we further select high-quality for supervised fine-tuning, ensuring enhanced relevance and precision. The model further undergoes large-scale reinforcement learning without additional supervision, emphasizing the enhancement of its reasoning capabilities and explainability. To validate its effectiveness in complex legal applications, we also conduct human evaluations with legal experts. We develop fine-tuned models based on DeepSeek-R1-Distilled versions, available in three dense configurations: 14B, 32B, and 70B.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 17 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2025.

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17 of 21 references.

References · 17

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  4. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  5. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  6. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
  7. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,582
  8. 2023AugGPT: Leveraging ChatGPT for Text Data Augmentationcited by 128
  9. 2023LawBench: Benchmarking Legal Knowledge of Large Language Modelscited by 111
  10. 2024Found in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts Better via Plug-and-Play Positional Encodingcited by 72
  11. 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Data Augmentationcited by 38
  12. 2024LexEval: A Comprehensive Chinese Legal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Modelscited by 36
5 more
  1. 2024Two Stones Hit One Bird: Bilevel Positional Encoding for Better Length Extrapolationcited by 23
  2. 2024Neuro-Symbolic Data Generation for Math Reasoningcited by 21
  3. 2024Enhancing Cross-lingual Sentence Embedding for Low-resource Languages with Word Alignmentcited by 13
  4. 2024More Tokens, Lower Precision: Towards the Optimal Token-Precision Trade-off in KV Cache Compressioncited by 10
  5. 2025LawGPT: Knowledge-Guided Data Generation and Its Application to Legal LLMcited by 7

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  1. 2025Evaluating Test-Time Scaling LLMs for Legal Reasoning: OpenAI o1, DeepSeek-R1, and Beyond
  2. 2025Unilaw-R1: A Large Language Model for Legal Reasoning with Reinforcement Learning and Iterative Inference
  3. 2025Legal Mathematical Reasoning with LLMs: Procedural Alignment through Two-Stage Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2026LegalOne: A Family of Foundation Models for Reliable Legal Reasoning
  5. 2026WisdomInterrogatory (LuWen): An Open-Source Legal Large Language Model Technical Report
  6. 2025Benchmarking Multi-Step Legal Reasoning and Analyzing Chain-of-Thought Effects in Large Language Models
  7. 2023DISC-LawLLM: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Intelligent Legal Services
  8. 2025LEXam: Benchmarking Legal Reasoning on 340 Law Exams