Political Neutrality in AI Is Impossible- But Here Is How to Approximate It
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Abstract (arXiv)
AI systems often exhibit political bias, influencing users' opinions and decisions. While political neutrality-defined as the absence of bias-is often seen as an ideal solution for fairness and safety, this position paper argues that true political neutrality is neither feasible nor universally desirable due to its subjective nature and the biases inherent in AI training data, algorithms, and user interactions. However, inspired by Joseph Raz's philosophical insight that "neutrality [...] can be a matter of degree" (Raz, 1986), we argue that striving for some neutrality remains essential for promoting balanced AI interactions and mitigating user manipulation. Therefore, we use the term "approximation" of political neutrality to shift the focus from unattainable absolutes to achievable, practical proxies. We propose eight techniques for approximating neutrality across three levels of conceptualizing AI, examining their trade-offs and implementation strategies. In addition, we explore two concrete applications of these approximations to illustrate their practicality. Finally, we assess our framework on current large language models (LLMs) at the output level, providing a demonstration of how it can be evaluated. This work seeks to advance nuanced discussions of political neutrality in AI and promote the development of responsible, aligned language models.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 4.
10 papers.
- 2025SPARTA ALIGNMENT: Collectively Aligning Multiple Language Models through Combatcited by 9
- 2025Embracing Contradiction: Theoretical Inconsistency Will Not Impede the Road of Building Responsible AI Systemscited by 8
- 2025Machine Bullshit: Characterizing the Emergent Disregard for Truth in Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2025On the Inevitability of Left-Leaning Political Bias in Aligned Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025Epistemic diversity across language models mitigates knowledge collapsecited by 2
- 2025The Alignment Bottleneckcited by 1
- 2026When Do Language Models Endorse Limitations on Human Rights Principles?cited by 1
- 2026DeliberationBench: A Normative Benchmark for the Influence of Large Language Models on Users' Viewscited by 1
- 2026Who Would You Vote For? Auditing Political Alignment in LLMs: An Italian Case-Studycited by 0
- 2026Issue Bias in Generative AI Writing Assistance: Political Issues and LLMs in the Swedish 2026 Electioncited by 0
- 2026Issue Bias in Generative AI Writing Assistance: Political Issues and LLMs in the Swedish 2026 Election14 Sep 2026
- 2026Who Would You Vote For? Auditing Political Alignment in LLMs: An Italian Case-Study12 Aug 2026
- 2026When Do Language Models Endorse Limitations on Human Rights Principles?4 Mar 2026
- 2026DeliberationBench: A Normative Benchmark for the Influence of Large Language Models on Users' Views22 Feb 2026
- 2025Epistemic diversity across language models mitigates knowledge collapse17 Dec 2025
- 2025The Alignment Bottleneck19 Sep 2025
- 2025On the Inevitability of Left-Leaning Political Bias in Aligned Language Models21 Jul 2025
- 2025Machine Bullshit: Characterizing the Emergent Disregard for Truth in Large Language Models10 Jul 2025
- 2025SPARTA ALIGNMENT: Collectively Aligning Multiple Language Models through Combat5 Jun 2025
- 2025Embracing Contradiction: Theoretical Inconsistency Will Not Impede the Road of Building Responsible AI Systems23 May 2025
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- 2024Fairness and Bias in Multimodal AI: A Survey
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- 2024GermanPartiesQA: Benchmarking Commercial Large Language Models and AI Companions for Political Alignment and Sycophancy
- 2024Runtime Monitoring and Enforcement of Conditional Fairness in Generative AIs
- 2025Normative Conflicts and Shallow AI Alignment
- 2025Artificial Authority: From Machine Minds to Political Alignments. An Experimental Analysis of Democratic and Autocratic Biases in Large-Language Models