mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SoRFT: Issue Resolving with Subtask-oriented Reinforced Fine-Tuning

arXiv 2502.20127 ↗First posted 27 Feb 2025cs.SE cs.AI cs.CLcited by 27

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

Abstract (arXiv)

Mainstream issue-resolving frameworks predominantly rely on commercial models, leading to high costs and privacy concerns. Existing training approaches for issue resolving struggle with poor generalization and fail to fully leverage open-source development resources. We propose Subtask-oriented Reinforced Fine-Tuning (SoRFT), a novel training approach to enhance the issue resolving capability of LLMs. We decomposes issue resolving into structured subtasks: file localization, function localization, line localization, and code edit generation. SoRFT consists of two training stages: (1) rejection-sampled supervised fine-tuning, Chain of Thought (CoT) data is filtered using ground-truth before fine-tuning the LLM, and (2) rule-based reinforcement learning, which leverages PPO with ground-truth based rewards. We evaluate the SoRFT-trained model on SWE-Bench Verified and SWE-Bench Lite, achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance among open-source models (e.g., resolve 21.4% issues on SWE-Bench Verified with SoRFT-Qwen-7B). The experimental results demonstrate that SoRFT significantly enhances issue-resolving performance, improves model generalization, and provides a cost-efficient alternative to commercial models.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 28 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2025.

Builds on

28 of 39 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report18 Sep
  2. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code12 Mar
  3. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode8 Feb

Other references · 25

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  4. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  5. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  6. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
  7. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  8. 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,551
  9. 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineeringcited by 1,628
  10. 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMscited by 1,193
  11. 2024DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligencecited by 1,154
  12. 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agentscited by 956
13 more
  1. 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLscited by 667
  2. 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 537
  3. 2017Ray: A Distributed Framework for Emerging AI Applicationscited by 516
  4. 2024StarCoder 2 and The Stack v2: The Next Generationcited by 484
  5. 2024Training Software Engineering Agents and Verifiers with SWE-Gymcited by 300
  6. 2024ReFT: Reasoning with Reinforced Fine-Tuningcited by 236
  7. 2024Rule Based Rewards for Language Model Safetycited by 106
  8. 2025SWE-Fixer: Training Open-Source LLMs for Effective and Efficient GitHub Issue Resolutioncited by 87
  9. 2024Lingma SWE-GPT: An Open Development-Process-Centric Language Model for Automated Software Improvementcited by 57
  10. 2024Commit0: Library Generation from Scratchcited by 50
  11. 2024RepoQA: Evaluating Long Context Code Understandingcited by 35
  12. 2024Compositional API Recommendation for Library-Oriented Code Generationcited by 10
  13. 2024Repository Structure-Aware Training Makes SLMs Better Issue Resolvercited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 19; 2026: 8.

27 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 381
  2. 2025Crossing the Reward Bridge: Expanding RL with Verifiable Rewards Across Diverse Domainscited by 150
  3. 2025WebGen-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Generating Interactive and Functional Websites from Scratchcited by 66
  4. 2025SWE-Exp: Experience-Driven Software Issue Resolutioncited by 64
  5. 2025One Token to Fool LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 56
  6. 2025Agentic Software Engineering: Foundational Pillars and a Research Roadmapcited by 40
  7. 2025Thinking Longer, Not Larger: Enhancing Software Engineering Agents via Scaling Test-Time Computecited by 25
  8. 2025Issue Localization via LLM-Driven Iterative Code Graph Searchingcited by 22
  9. 2025Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation: A Survey with Focus on Repository-Level Approachescited by 20
  10. 2025Is Vibe Coding Safe? Benchmarking Vulnerability of Agent-Generated Code in Real-World Taskscited by 18
  11. 2025Tool-integrated Reinforcement Learning for Repo Deep Searchcited by 14
  12. 2025Co-PatcheR: Collaborative Software Patching with Component(s)-specific Small Reasoning Modelscited by 12
15 more
  1. 2025WebGen-Agent: Enhancing Interactive Website Generation with Multi-Level Feedback and Step-Level Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
  2. 2026Scaling Coding Agents via Atomic Skillscited by 8
  3. 2025SWE-Factory: Your Automated Factory for Issue Resolution Training Data and Evaluation Benchmarkscited by 6
  4. 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
  5. 2025How Well Do Large Reasoning Models Translate? A Comprehensive Evaluation for Multi-Domain Machine Translationcited by 5
  6. 2025Scalable Supervision for Software Agents via Patch Reasoningcited by 5
  7. 2025A Benchmark for Localizing Code and Non-Code Issues in Software Projectscited by 4
  8. 2026From Historical Patches to Repair Plans: Outcome-Conditioned Reasoning for Repository-Level Program Repaircited by 2
  9. 2026FullStack-Agent: Enhancing Agentic Full-Stack Web Coding via Development-Oriented Testing and Repository Back-Translationcited by 2
  10. 2026ORACLE-SWE: Quantifying the Contribution of Oracle Information Signals on SWE Agentscited by 1
  11. 2026Neurosymbolic Repo-level Code Localizationcited by 1
  12. 2025BitsAI-Fix: LLM-Driven Approach for Automated Lint Error Resolution in Practicecited by 0
  13. 2026SWE-Spot: Building Small Repo-Experts with Repository-Centric Learningcited by 0
  14. 2026Counterfactual Rollout Replay: Forkable Environments as Free Process Rewards for Software Engineering Agentscited by 0
  15. 2026SecureVibe: Making Vibe Coding More Securecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026SWE-Lego: Pushing the Limits of Supervised Fine-tuning for Software Issue Resolving
  2. 2026Advances and Frontiers of LLM-based Issue Resolution in Software Engineering: A Comprehensive Survey
  3. 2026SkillForge: Self-Distilling Agents for Project-Specific Issue Resolution
  4. 2026LIA: Supervised Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models for Automatic Issue Assignment
  5. 2025Studying and Automating Issue Resolution for Software Quality ↗
  6. 2026SWE-Adept: An LLM-Based Agentic Framework for Deep Codebase Analysis and Structured Issue Resolution
  7. 2025Lingxi: Repository-Level Issue Resolution Framework Enhanced by Procedural Knowledge Guided Scaling
  8. 2025MCTS-Refined CoT: High-Quality Fine-Tuning Data for LLM-Based Repository Issue Resolution