An Autonomous Network Orchestration Framework Integrating Large Language Models with Continual Reinforcement Learning
On the map: Mixture-of-experts → MoE in reinforcement learning and robotics
Abstract (arXiv)
6G networks aim to achieve global coverage, massive connectivity, and ultra-stringent requirements. Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGINs) and Semantic Communication (SemCom) are essential for realizing these goals, yet they introduce considerable complexity in resource orchestration. Drawing inspiration from research in robotics, a viable solution to manage this complexity is the application of Large Language Models (LLMs). Although the use of LLMs in network orchestration has recently gained attention, existing solutions have not sufficiently addressed LLM hallucinations or their adaptation to network dynamics. To address this gap, this paper proposes a framework called Autonomous Reinforcement Coordination (ARC) for a SemCom-enabled SAGIN. This framework employs an LLM-based Retrieval-Augmented Generator (RAG) monitors services, users, and resources and processes the collected data, while a Hierarchical Action Planner (HAP) orchestrates resources. ARC decomposes orchestration into two tiers, utilizing LLMs for high-level planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents for low-level decision-making, in alignment with the Mixture of Experts (MoE) concept. The LLMs utilize Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning for few-shot learning, empowered by contrastive learning, while the RL agents employ replay buffer management for continual learning, thereby achieving efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of ARC, along with a comprehensive discussion on potential future research directions to enhance and upgrade ARC.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MoE in reinforcement learning and robotics, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 11 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Feb 2025.
Builds on
11 of 16 references.
References · 11
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
- 2019Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningcited by 568
- 2023Algorithm of Thoughts: Enhancing Exploration of Ideas in Large Language Modelscited by 92
- 2023Large Generative AI Models for Telecom: The Next Big Thing?cited by 52
- 2023Large Language Models for Telecom: Forthcoming Impact on the Industrycited by 44
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Integrated Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Networks: Recent Advances and Future Directionscited by 10
- 2024Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled Graphs in Dynamic Networkingcited by 7
- 2024A Semantic-Aware Multiple Access Scheme for Distributed, Dynamic 6G-Based Applicationscited by 6
- 2024Semantic Revolution from Communications to Orchestration for 6G: Challenges, Enablers, and Research Directionscited by 4
- 2024Towards a Dynamic Future with Adaptable Computing and Network Convergence (ACNC)cited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2026Agents Should Replace Narrow Predictive AI as the Orchestrator in 6G AI-RAN
- 2025AgentNet: Decentralized Evolutionary Coordination for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
- 2025Agentic Link Construction for Environment and Intent Aware 6G Communication
- 2024LLM Agents as 6G Orchestrator: A Paradigm for Task-Oriented Physical-Layer Automation
- 2026Agentic AI Networking for Heterogeneous Unmanned Aerial Systems in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks
- 2024From Words to Actions: Unveiling the Theoretical Underpinnings of LLM-Driven Autonomous Systems