LLM Agents as 6G Orchestrator: A Paradigm for Task-Oriented Physical-Layer Automation

The rapid advancement in generative pre-training models is propelling a paradigm shift in technological progression from basic applications such as chatbots towards more sophisticated agent-based systems. It is with huge potential and necessity that the 6G system be combined with the copilot of large language model (LLM) agents and digital twins (DT) to manage the highly complicated communication system with new emerging features such as native AI service and sensing. With the 6G-oriented agent, the base station could understand the transmission requirements of various dynamic upper-layer tasks, automatically orchestrate the optimal system workflow. Through continuously get feedback from the 6G DT for reinforcement, the agents can finally raise the performance of practical system accordingly. Differing from existing LLM agents designed for general application, the 6G-oriented agent aims to make highly rigorous and precise planning with a vast amount of extra expert knowledge, which inevitably requires a specific system design from model training to implementation. This paper proposes a novel comprehensive approach for building task-oriented 6G LLM agents. We first propose a two-stage continual pre-training and fine-tuning scheme to build the field basic model and diversities of specialized expert models for meeting the requirements of various application scenarios. Further, a novel inference framework based on semantic retrieval for leveraging the existing communication-related functions is proposed. Experiment results of exemplary tasks, such as physical-layer task decomposition, show the proposed paradigm's feasibility and effectiveness.