mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Sens-Merging: Sensitivity-Guided Parameter Balancing for Merging Large Language Models

arXiv 2502.12420 ↗First posted 18 Feb 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in large language models have led to numerous task-specialized fine-tuned variants, creating a need for efficient model merging techniques that preserve specialized capabilities while avoiding costly retraining. While existing task vector-based merging methods show promise, they typically apply uniform coefficients across all parameters, overlooking varying parameter importance both within and across tasks. We present Sens-Merging, a sensitivity-guided coefficient adjustment method that enhances existing model merging techniques by operating at both task-specific and cross-task levels. Our method analyzes parameter sensitivity within individual tasks and evaluates cross-task transferability to determine optimal merging coefficients. Extensive experiments on Mistral 7B and LLaMA2-7B/13B models demonstrate that Sens-Merging significantly improves performance across general knowledge, mathematical reasoning, and code generation tasks. Notably, when combined with existing merging techniques, our method enables merged models to outperform specialized fine-tuned models, particularly in code generation tasks. Our findings reveal important trade-offs between task-specific and cross-task scalings, providing insights for future model merging strategies.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2025.

Builds on

24 of 28 references.

References · 24

  1. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  3. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  4. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  5. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  6. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
  7. 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
  8. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
  9. 2023TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging Modelscited by 795
  10. 2023Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunchcited by 679
  11. 2019Linear Mode Connectivity and the Lottery Ticket Hypothesiscited by 627
  12. 2021Merging Models with Fisher-Weighted Averagingcited by 613
12 more
  1. 2022Git Re-Basin: Merging Models modulo Permutation Symmetriescited by 460
  2. 2022Dataless Knowledge Fusion by Merging Weights of Language Modelscited by 384
  3. 2021The Role of Permutation Invariance in Linear Mode Connectivity of Neural Networkscited by 285
  4. 2024Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunitiescited by 247
  5. 2021Efficiently Identifying Task Groupings for Multi-Task Learningcited by 218
  6. 2023ZipIt! Merging Models from Different Tasks without Trainingcited by 178
  7. 2022REPAIR: REnormalizing Permuted Activations for Interpolation Repaircited by 119
  8. 2016Topology and Geometry of Half-Rectified Network Optimizationcited by 102
  9. 2020Optimizing Mode Connectivity via Neuron Alignmentcited by 85
  10. 2024Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Language Transfer via Model Mergingcited by 36
  11. 2021On Cross-Layer Alignment for Model Fusion of Heterogeneous Neural Networkscited by 9
  12. 2021GAN Cocktail: mixing GANs without dataset accesscited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 11.

16 papers.

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  1. 2025Unlocking Efficient Long-to-Short LLM Reasoning with Model Mergingcited by 58
  2. 2025Don't Overthink It: A Survey of Efficient R1-style Large Reasoning Modelscited by 36
  3. 2026Locate, Steer, and Improve: A Practical Survey of Actionable Mechanistic Interpretability in Large Language Modelscited by 22
  4. 2025Activation-Guided Consensus Merging for Large Language Modelscited by 12
  5. 2025RCP-Merging: Merging Long Chain-of-Thought Models with Domain-Specific Models by Considering Reasoning Capability as Priorcited by 5
  6. 2026MergePipe: A Budget-Aware Parameter Management System for Scalable LLM Mergingcited by 5
  7. 2026Label-Free Cross-Task LoRA Merging with Null-Space Compressioncited by 3
  8. 2026Access Sets Matter: Budgeting Expert Reads for Scalable Weight-Space Model Mergingcited by 2
  9. 2026ReasonAny: Incorporating Reasoning Capability to Any Model via Simple and Effective Model Mergingcited by 1
  10. 2026Merging Beyond: Streaming LLM Updates via Activation-Guided Rotationscited by 1
  11. 2026Preference-Aligned LoRA Merging: Preserving Subspace Coverage and Addressing Directional Anisotropycited by 1
  12. 2026DiMtextsuperscript3: Bridging Multilingual and Multimodal Models via Direction- and Magnitude-Aware Mergingcited by 1
4 more
  1. 2025ReCatcher: Towards LLMs Regression Testing for Code Generationcited by 0
  2. 2026Data-Free Layer-Adaptive Merging via Fisher Information for Long-to-Short Reasoning LLMscited by 0
  3. 2026Scaling Mobile Agent Systems: From Capability Density to Collective Intelligencecited by 0
  4. 2026Towards Efficient Reasoning in LLM-Based Recommender Systems via Model Mergingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Fine, I'll Merge It Myself: A Multi-Fidelity Framework for Automated Model Merging
  2. 2026Rethinking Heterogeneous LLM Merging: A Weighted Model Averaging Perspective
  3. 20251bit-Merging: Dynamic Quantized Merging for Large Language Models
  4. 2024Channel Merging: Preserving Specialization for Merged Experts
  5. 2025The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Model Merging for Cross-Lingual Transfer in LLMs
  6. 2026Model Merging in the Era of Large Language Models: Methods, Applications, and Future Directions
  7. 2025Mediator: Memory-efficient LLM Merging with Less Parameter Conflicts and Uncertainty Based Routing
  8. 2025Expert Merging: Model Merging with Unsupervised Expert Alignment and Importance-Guided Layer Chunking