Evaluation of Multilingual Image Captioning: How far can we get with CLIP models?
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Abstract (arXiv)
The evaluation of image captions, looking at both linguistic fluency and semantic correspondence to visual contents, has witnessed a significant effort. Still, despite advancements such as the CLIPScore metric, multilingual captioning evaluation has remained relatively unexplored. This work presents several strategies, and extensive experiments, related to evaluating CLIPScore variants in multilingual settings. To address the lack of multilingual test data, we consider two different strategies: (1) using quality aware machine-translated datasets with human judgements, and (2) re-purposing multilingual datasets that target semantic inference and reasoning. Our results highlight the potential of finetuned multilingual models to generalize across languages and to handle complex linguistic challenges. Tests with machine-translated data show that multilingual CLIPScore models can maintain a high correlation with human judgements across different languages, and additional tests with natively multilingual and multicultural data further attest to the high-quality assessments.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Feb 2025.
Builds on
32 of 44 references.
References · 32
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20 more
- 2022Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation Datasetcited by 100
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025DISCODE: Distribution-Aware Score Decoder for Robust Automatic Evaluation of Image Captioningcited by 2
- 2026One Single Hub Text Breaks CLIP: Identifying Vulnerabilities in Cross-Modal Encoders via Hubnesscited by 2
- 2025A Conformal Risk Control Framework for Granular Word Assessment and Uncertainty Calibration of CLIPScore Quality Estimatescited by 0
- 2025COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimationcited by 0
- 2026BEiTScore: Reference-free Image Captioning Evaluation with an Efficient Cross-Encoder Modelcited by 0
- 2026BEiTScore: Reference-free Image Captioning Evaluation with an Efficient Cross-Encoder Model20 May 2026
- 2026One Single Hub Text Breaks CLIP: Identifying Vulnerabilities in Cross-Modal Encoders via Hubness30 Apr 2026
- 2025DISCODE: Distribution-Aware Score Decoder for Robust Automatic Evaluation of Image Captioning16 Dec 2025
- 2025COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation10 Sep 2025
- 2025A Conformal Risk Control Framework for Granular Word Assessment and Uncertainty Calibration of CLIPScore Quality Estimates1 Apr 2025