IndexTTS: An Industrial-Level Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Text-To-Speech System
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, large language model (LLM) based text-to-speech (TTS) systems have gradually become the mainstream in the industry due to their high naturalness and powerful zero-shot voice cloning capabilities.Here, we introduce the IndexTTS system, which is mainly based on the XTTS and Tortoise model. We add some novel improvements. Specifically, in Chinese scenarios, we adopt a hybrid modeling method that combines characters and pinyin, making the pronunciations of polyphonic characters and long-tail characters controllable. We also performed a comparative analysis of the Vector Quantization (VQ) with Finite-Scalar Quantization (FSQ) for codebook utilization of acoustic speech tokens. To further enhance the effect and stability of voice cloning, we introduce a conformer-based speech conditional encoder and replace the speechcode decoder with BigVGAN2. Compared with XTTS, it has achieved significant improvements in naturalness, content consistency, and zero-shot voice cloning. As for the popular TTS systems in the open-source, such as Fish-Speech, CosyVoice2, FireRedTTS and F5-TTS, IndexTTS has a relatively simple training process, more controllable usage, and faster inference speed. Moreover, its performance surpasses that of these systems. Our demos are available at https://index-tts.github.io.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Feb 2025.
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References · 20
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,358
- 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,139
- 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 737
- 2023Finite Scalar Quantization: VQ-VAE Made Simplecited by 425
- 2017AISHELL-1: An Open-Source Mandarin Speech Corpus and A Speech Recognition Baselinecited by 364
- 2024F5-TTS: A Fairytaler that Fakes Fluent and Faithful Speech with Flow Matchingcited by 353
- 2024CosyVoice: A Scalable Multilingual Zero-shot Text-to-speech Synthesizer based on Supervised Semantic Tokenscited by 323
- 2024Seed-TTS: A Family of High-Quality Versatile Speech Generation Modelscited by 293
- 2024CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 282
- 2021YourTTS: Towards Zero-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS and Zero-Shot Voice Conversion for everyonecited by 277
8 more
- 2022BigVGAN: A Universal Neural Vocoder with Large-Scale Trainingcited by 245
- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 174
- 2023Matcha-TTS: A fast TTS architecture with conditional flow matchingcited by 142
- 2022Paraformer: Fast and Accurate Parallel Transformer for Non-autoregressive End-to-End Speech Recognitioncited by 139
- 2024FireRedTTS: A Foundation Text-To-Speech Framework for Industry-Level Generative Speech Applicationscited by 68
- 2023Better speech synthesis through scalingcited by 63
- 2019Demucs: Deep Extractor for Music Sources with extra unlabeled data remixedcited by 53
- 2024Fish-Speech: Leveraging Large Language Models for Advanced Multilingual Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 45
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 11; 2026: 16.
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- 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-trainingcited by 142
- 2025IndexTTS2: A Breakthrough in Emotionally Expressive and Duration-Controlled Auto-Regressive Zero-Shot Text-to-Speechcited by 85
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Modelscited by 22
- 2025ZipVoice-Dialog: Non-Autoregressive Spoken Dialogue Generation with Flow Matchingcited by 7
- 2025Step-Audio-EditX Technical Reportcited by 6
- 2026IndexTTS 2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4
- 2025DiSTAR: Diffusion over a Scalable Token Autoregressive Representation for Speech Generationcited by 3
- 2026dots.tts Technical Reportcited by 3
- 2025UDDETTS: Unifying Discrete and Dimensional Emotions for Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speechcited by 2
- 2025UniTTS: An end-to-end TTS system without decoupling of acoustic and semantic informationcited by 2
- 2026Towards Human-Like Interactive Speech Recognition With Agentic Correction and Semantic Evaluationcited by 2
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speechcited by 2
15 more
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloningcited by 1
- 2026Interactive ASR: Towards Human-Like Interaction and Semantic Coherence Evaluation for Agentic Speech Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025Robust Residual Finite Scalar Quantization for Neural Compressioncited by 0
- 2025EchoFake: A Replay-Aware Dataset for Practical Speech Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2025E2E-VGuard: Adversarial Prevention for Production LLM-based End-To-End Speech Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Unifying Speech Recognition, Synthesis and Conversion with Autoregressive Transformerscited by 0
- 2026Controllable Dysarthric Speech Synthesis with Patient-Specific Conditioning for Speaker-Diverse ASR Augmentationcited by 0
- 2026WAND: Windowed Attention and Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Autoregressive Text-to-Speech Modelscited by 0
- 2026AST: Adaptive, Seamless, and Training-Free Precise Speech Editingcited by 0
- 2026PilotTTS: A Disciplined Modular Recipe for Competitive Speech Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Read What You Hear: Reference-Free Hypotheses Evaluation with Acoustic Discrepancycited by 0
- 2026UniSAE: Unified Speech Attribute Editing on Speaker, Emotion and Low-Level Content via Discrete Phonetic Posteriorgram Modellingcited by 0
- 2026CookVoice: Unified Framework for Style Controllable Multi-Modal Human Voice Generationcited by 0
- 2026Confucius4-TTS: Transcript-Free Cross-Lingual Zero-Shot TTS with a Learnable Speaker Encodercited by 0
- 2026Tacit-TTS: From Autoregressive Decoding to Masked Prediction for Efficient Transcript-Free Voice Cloningcited by 0
- 2026Tacit-TTS: From Autoregressive Decoding to Masked Prediction for Efficient Transcript-Free Voice Cloning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Confucius4-TTS: Transcript-Free Cross-Lingual Zero-Shot TTS with a Learnable Speaker Encoder12 Aug 2026
- 2026CookVoice: Unified Framework for Style Controllable Multi-Modal Human Voice Generation12 Aug 2026
- 2026UniSAE: Unified Speech Attribute Editing on Speaker, Emotion and Low-Level Content via Discrete Phonetic Posteriorgram Modelling30 Jun 2026
- 2026dots.tts Technical Report5 Jun 2026
- 2026Read What You Hear: Reference-Free Hypotheses Evaluation with Acoustic Discrepancy3 Jun 2026
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speech31 May 2026
- 2026Towards Human-Like Interactive Speech Recognition With Agentic Correction and Semantic Evaluation28 May 2026
- 2026PilotTTS: A Disciplined Modular Recipe for Competitive Speech Synthesis26 May 2026
- 2026AST: Adaptive, Seamless, and Training-Free Precise Speech Editing17 Apr 2026
- 2026Interactive ASR: Towards Human-Like Interaction and Semantic Coherence Evaluation for Agentic Speech Recognition10 Apr 2026
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Models1 Apr 2026
15 more
- 2026WAND: Windowed Attention and Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Autoregressive Text-to-Speech Models17 Mar 2026
- 2026Controllable Dysarthric Speech Synthesis with Patient-Specific Conditioning for Speaker-Diverse ASR Augmentation9 Feb 2026
- 2026Unifying Speech Recognition, Synthesis and Conversion with Autoregressive Transformers15 Jan 2026
- 2026IndexTTS 2.5 Technical Report7 Jan 2026
- 2025E2E-VGuard: Adversarial Prevention for Production LLM-based End-To-End Speech Synthesis10 Nov 2025
- 2025Step-Audio-EditX Technical Report5 Nov 2025
- 2025EchoFake: A Replay-Aware Dataset for Practical Speech Deepfake Detection22 Oct 2025
- 2025DiSTAR: Diffusion over a Scalable Token Autoregressive Representation for Speech Generation14 Oct 2025
- 2025Robust Residual Finite Scalar Quantization for Neural Compression20 Aug 2025
- 2025ZipVoice-Dialog: Non-Autoregressive Spoken Dialogue Generation with Flow Matching12 Jul 2025
- 2025IndexTTS2: A Breakthrough in Emotionally Expressive and Duration-Controlled Auto-Regressive Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech23 Jun 2025
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloning25 May 2025
- 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-training23 May 2025
- 2025UniTTS: An end-to-end TTS system without decoupling of acoustic and semantic information23 May 2025
- 2025UDDETTS: Unifying Discrete and Dimensional Emotions for Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speech15 May 2025
- 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-trainingcited by 142
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Modelscited by 22
- 2025ZipVoice-Dialog: Non-Autoregressive Spoken Dialogue Generation with Flow Matchingcited by 7
- 2026dots.tts Technical Reportcited by 3
- 2026dots.tts Technical Report5 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2025ZipVoice-Dialog: Non-Autoregressive Spoken Dialogue Generation with Flow Matching12 Jul 2025
- 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-training23 May 2025
- 2025IndexTTS2: A Breakthrough in Emotionally Expressive and Duration-Controlled Auto-Regressive Zero-Shot Text-to-Speechcited by 85
- 2025Step-Audio-EditX Technical Reportcited by 6
- 2026IndexTTS 2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4
- 2025DiSTAR: Diffusion over a Scalable Token Autoregressive Representation for Speech Generationcited by 3
- 2025UDDETTS: Unifying Discrete and Dimensional Emotions for Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speechcited by 2
- 2025UniTTS: An end-to-end TTS system without decoupling of acoustic and semantic informationcited by 2
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speechcited by 2
- 2025CloneShield: A Framework for Universal Perturbation Against Zero-Shot Voice Cloningcited by 1
- 2025Robust Residual Finite Scalar Quantization for Neural Compressioncited by 0
- 2025EchoFake: A Replay-Aware Dataset for Practical Speech Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2025E2E-VGuard: Adversarial Prevention for Production LLM-based End-To-End Speech Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Unifying Speech Recognition, Synthesis and Conversion with Autoregressive Transformerscited by 0
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Tacit-TTS: From Autoregressive Decoding to Masked Prediction for Efficient Transcript-Free Voice Cloning29 Sep 2026
- 2026Confucius4-TTS: Transcript-Free Cross-Lingual Zero-Shot TTS with a Learnable Speaker Encoder12 Aug 2026
- 2026CookVoice: Unified Framework for Style Controllable Multi-Modal Human Voice Generation12 Aug 2026
- 2026UniSAE: Unified Speech Attribute Editing on Speaker, Emotion and Low-Level Content via Discrete Phonetic Posteriorgram Modelling30 Jun 2026
- 2026Read What You Hear: Reference-Free Hypotheses Evaluation with Acoustic Discrepancy3 Jun 2026
- 2026Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Emotion Control in Text-to-Speech31 May 2026
- 2026PilotTTS: A Disciplined Modular Recipe for Competitive Speech Synthesis26 May 2026
- 2026AST: Adaptive, Seamless, and Training-Free Precise Speech Editing17 Apr 2026
- 2026WAND: Windowed Attention and Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Autoregressive Text-to-Speech Models17 Mar 2026
- 2026Controllable Dysarthric Speech Synthesis with Patient-Specific Conditioning for Speaker-Diverse ASR Augmentation9 Feb 2026
- 2026Unifying Speech Recognition, Synthesis and Conversion with Autoregressive Transformers15 Jan 2026
- 2026IndexTTS 2.5 Technical Report7 Jan 2026
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)