mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HardML: A Benchmark For Evaluating Data Science And Machine Learning knowledge and reasoning in AI

arXiv 2501.15627 ↗First posted 26 Jan 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

We present HardML, a benchmark designed to evaluate the knowledge and reasoning abilities in the fields of data science and machine learning. HardML comprises a diverse set of 100 challenging multiple-choice questions, handcrafted over a period of 6 months, covering the most popular and modern branches of data science and machine learning. These questions are challenging even for a typical Senior Machine Learning Engineer to answer correctly. To minimize the risk of data contamination, HardML uses mostly original content devised by the author. Current state of the art AI models achieve a 30% error rate on this benchmark, which is about 3 times larger than the one achieved on the equivalent, well known MMLU ML. While HardML is limited in scope and not aiming to push the frontier, primarily due to its multiple choice nature, it serves as a rigorous and modern testbed to quantify and track the progress of top AI. While plenty benchmarks and experimentation in LLM evaluation exist in other STEM fields like mathematics, physics and chemistry, the subfields of data science and machine learning remain fairly underexplored.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2025.

Builds on

15 of 25 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024FrontierMath: A Benchmark for Evaluating Advanced Mathematical Reasoning in AI7 Nov

Other references · 14

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  3. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
  4. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  5. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
  6. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,899
  7. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  8. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
  9. 2019ClinicalBERT: Modeling Clinical Notes and Predicting Hospital Readmissioncited by 493
  10. 2021Documenting Large Webtext Corpora: A Case Study on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpuscited by 492
  11. 2024MLE-bench: Evaluating Machine Learning Agents on Machine Learning Engineeringcited by 469
  12. 2019Analysing Mathematical Reasoning Abilities of Neural Modelscited by 335
2 more
  1. 2025Understanding and Benchmarking Artificial Intelligence: OpenAI's o3 Is Not AGIcited by 19
  2. 2022From Human Days to Machine Seconds: Automatically Answering and Generating Machine Learning Final Examscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

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  2. 2023NPHardEval: Dynamic Benchmark on Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models via Complexity Classes
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  4. 2026MLS-Bench: A Holistic and Rigorous Assessment of AI Systems on Building Better AI
  5. 2024Towards Automated Machine Learning Research
  6. 2026Benchmark Radar: A Living Database and Search Engine for AI Benchmarks and Evaluation
  7. 2026DARE-bench: Evaluating Modeling and Instruction Fidelity of LLMs in Data Science
  8. 2025MLR-Bench: Evaluating AI Agents on Open-Ended Machine Learning Research