mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Leveraging Chain of Thought towards Empathetic Spoken Dialogue without Corresponding Question-Answering Data

arXiv 2501.10937 ↗First posted 19 Jan 2025cs.CL cs.SD eess.AScited by 7

On the map: LLM reasoning → Audio-language model reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Empathetic dialogue is crucial for natural human-computer interaction, allowing the dialogue system to respond in a more personalized and emotionally aware manner, improving user satisfaction and engagement. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized dialogue generation by harnessing their powerful capabilities and shown its potential in multimodal domains. Many studies have integrated speech with text-based LLMs to take speech question as input and output text response. However, the lack of spoken question-answering datasets that include speech style information to supervised fine-tuning (SFT) limits the performance of these systems. As a result, while these systems excel at understanding speech content, they often struggle to generate empathetic responses. In response, we propose a novel approach that circumvents the need for question-answering data, called Listen, Perceive, and Express (LPE). Our method employs a two-stage training process, initially guiding the LLM to listen the content and perceive the emotional aspects of speech. Subsequently, we utilize Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting to unlock the model's potential for expressing empathetic responses based on listened spoken content and perceived emotional cues. We employ experiments to prove the effectiveness of proposed method. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to leverage CoT for speech-based dialogue.

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio-language model reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 26 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jan 2025.

Builds on

26 of 39 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Cause-Aware Empathetic Response Generation via Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuning21 Aug

Other references · 25

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  4. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
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  7. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
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  9. 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,397
  10. 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 684
  11. 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 591
  12. 2023Plan-and-Solve Prompting: Improving Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought Reasoning by Large Language Modelscited by 550
13 more
  1. 2023SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational Abilitiescited by 518
  2. 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language Modelscited by 492
  3. 2023GPTScore: Evaluate as You Desirecited by 357
  4. 2023emotion2vec: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Speech Emotion Representationcited by 196
  5. 2023LLaVA-Plus: Learning to Use Tools for Creating Multimodal Agentscited by 188
  6. 2023BLSP: Bootstrapping Language-Speech Pre-training via Behavior Alignment of Continuation Writingcited by 75
  7. 2024LLM-based NLG Evaluation: Current Status and Challengescited by 71
  8. 2023LLaSM: Large Language and Speech Modelcited by 56
  9. 2024Advancing Large Language Models to Capture Varied Speaking Styles and Respond Properly in Spoken Conversationscited by 45
  10. 2024BLSP-Emo: Towards Empathetic Large Speech-Language Modelscited by 36
  11. 2024Making LLMs Better Many-to-Many Speech-to-Text Translators with Curriculum Learningcited by 20
  12. 2023E-chat: Emotion-sensitive Spoken Dialogue System with Large Language Modelscited by 19
  13. 2024SeamlessExpressiveLM: Speech Language Model for Expressive Speech-to-Speech Translation with Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 9

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 7.

7 papers.

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  1. 2025Chain-of-Thought Training for Open E2E Spoken Dialogue Systems
  2. 2024TOOL-ED: Enhancing Empathetic Response Generation with the Tool Calling Capability of LLM
  3. 2026STRIDE-ED: A Strategy-Grounded Stepwise Reasoning Framework for Empathetic Dialogue Systems
  4. 2024EmPO: Emotion Grounding for Empathetic Response Generation through Preference Optimization
  5. 2023Cue-CoT: Chain-of-thought Prompting for Responding to In-depth Dialogue Questions with LLMs
  6. 2024Talk With Human-like Agents: Empathetic Dialogue Through Perceptible Acoustic Reception and Reaction
  7. 2026PRISM: Prosody-Integrated Multi-Agent Reasoning Framework for Empathetic Spoken Dialogue
  8. 2025From Measurement to Expertise: Empathetic Expert Adapters for Context-Based Empathy in Conversational AI Agents