Zero-shot Hazard Identification in Autonomous Driving: A Case Study on the COOOL Benchmark
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → VLMs for autonomous driving
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents our submission to the COOOL competition, a novel benchmark for detecting and classifying out-of-label hazards in autonomous driving. Our approach integrates diverse methods across three core tasks: (i) driver reaction detection, (ii) hazard object identification, and (iii) hazard captioning. We propose kernel-based change point detection on bounding boxes and optical flow dynamics for driver reaction detection to analyze motion patterns. For hazard identification, we combined a naive proximity-based strategy with object classification using a pre-trained ViT model. At last, for hazard captioning, we used the MOLMO vision-language model with tailored prompts to generate precise and context-aware descriptions of rare and low-resolution hazards. The proposed pipeline outperformed the baseline methods by a large margin, reducing the relative error by 33%, and scored 2nd on the final leaderboard consisting of 32 teams.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLMs for autonomous driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 20 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Dec 2024.
Builds on
20 of 34 references.
References · 20
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
- 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,362
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
- 2015Towards Open Set Deep Networkscited by 533
- 2021Open-Set Recognition: a Good Closed-Set Classifier is All You Need?cited by 351
- 2020Visual Transformers: Token-based Image Representation and Processing for Computer Visioncited by 333
- 2017A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Semantic Segmentationcited by 122
8 more
- 2023Recent Advancements in End-to-End Autonomous Driving using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 101
- 2015The Extreme Value Machinecited by 78
- 2024PixOOD: Pixel-Level Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 20
- 2022Deep Learning Serves Traffic Safety Analysis: A Forward-looking Reviewcited by 13
- 2023Large Car-following Data Based on Lyft level-5 Open Dataset: Following Autonomous Vehicles vs. Human-driven Vehiclescited by 8
- 2024COOOL: Challenge Of Out-Of-Label A Novel Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2024Evaluation of Out-of-Distribution Detection Performance on Autonomous Driving Datasetscited by 5
- 2023Image Captioners Sometimes Tell More Than Images They Seecited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Addressing Out-of-Label Hazard Detection in Dashcam Videos: Insights from the COOOL Challenge
- 2025Towards a Multi-Agent Vision-Language System for Zero-Shot Novel Hazardous Object Detection for Autonomous Driving Safety
- 2025INSIGHT: Enhancing Autonomous Driving Safety through Vision-Language Models on Context-Aware Hazard Detection and Edge Case Evaluation
- 2025Hierarchical Reasoning with Vision-Language Models for Incident Reports from Dashcam Videos
- 2025DRAMA-X: A Fine-grained Intent Prediction and Risk Reasoning Benchmark For Driving
- 2026Localized Conformal Safety Monitoring with Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving
- 2026Vision and Language: Novel Representations and Artificial intelligence for Driving Scene Safety Assessment and Autonomous Vehicle Planning
- 2025Evaluation of Safety Cognition Capability in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving