Text Generation Models for Luxembourgish with Limited Data: A Balanced Multilingual Strategy
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper addresses the challenges in developing language models for less-represented languages, with a focus on Luxembourgish. Despite its active development, Luxembourgish faces a digital data scarcity, exacerbated by Luxembourg's multilingual context. We propose a novel text generation model based on the T5 architecture, combining limited Luxembourgish data with equal amounts, in terms of size and type, of German and French data. We hypothesise that a model trained on Luxembourgish, German, and French will improve the model's cross-lingual transfer learning capabilities and outperform monolingual and large multilingual models. To verify this, the study at hand explores whether multilingual or monolingual training is more beneficial for Luxembourgish language generation. For the evaluation, we introduce LuxGen, a text generation benchmark that is the first of its kind for Luxembourgish.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2024.
Builds on
22 of 59 references.
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10 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2025Is Small Language Model the Silver Bullet to Low-Resource Languages Machine Translation?cited by 5
- 2025Testing Low-Resource Language Support in LLMs Using Language Proficiency Exams: the Case of Luxembourgishcited by 2
- 2025LuxInstruct: A Cross-Lingual Instruction Tuning Dataset For Luxembourgishcited by 1
- 2025LuxIT: A Luxembourgish Instruction Tuning Dataset from Monolingual Seed Datacited by 0
- 2026A Subword Embedding Approach for Variation Detection in Luxembourgish User Commentscited by 0
- 2026Variation is the Norm: Embracing Sociolinguistics in NLPcited by 0
- 2026Language Ideologies in a Multilingual Society: An LLM-based Analysis of Luxembourgish News Commentscited by 0
- 2026Language Ideologies in a Multilingual Society: An LLM-based Analysis of Luxembourgish News Comments30 Apr 2026
- 2026Variation is the Norm: Embracing Sociolinguistics in NLP25 Mar 2026
- 2026A Subword Embedding Approach for Variation Detection in Luxembourgish User Comments12 Feb 2026
- 2025LuxIT: A Luxembourgish Instruction Tuning Dataset from Monolingual Seed Data28 Oct 2025
- 2025LuxInstruct: A Cross-Lingual Instruction Tuning Dataset For Luxembourgish8 Oct 2025
- 2025Testing Low-Resource Language Support in LLMs Using Language Proficiency Exams: the Case of Luxembourgish2 Apr 2025
- 2025Is Small Language Model the Silver Bullet to Low-Resource Languages Machine Translation?31 Mar 2025