mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

VideoAutoArena: An Automated Arena for Evaluating Large Multimodal Models in Video Analysis through User Simulation

arXiv 2411.13281 ↗First posted 20 Nov 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 18

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Video understanding with MLLMs

Abstract (arXiv)

Large multimodal models (LMMs) with advanced video analysis capabilities have recently garnered significant attention. However, most evaluations rely on traditional methods like multiple-choice questions in benchmarks such as VideoMME and LongVideoBench, which are prone to lack the depth needed to capture the complex demands of real-world users. To address this limitation-and due to the prohibitive cost and slow pace of human annotation for video tasks-we introduce VideoAutoArena, an arena-style benchmark inspired by LMSYS Chatbot Arena's framework, designed to automatically assess LMMs' video analysis abilities. VideoAutoArena utilizes user simulation to generate open-ended, adaptive questions that rigorously assess model performance in video understanding. The benchmark features an automated, scalable evaluation framework, incorporating a modified ELO Rating System for fair and continuous comparisons across multiple LMMs. To validate our automated judging system, we construct a 'gold standard' using a carefully curated subset of human annotations, demonstrating that our arena strongly aligns with human judgment while maintaining scalability. Additionally, we introduce a fault-driven evolution strategy, progressively increasing question complexity to push models toward handling more challenging video analysis scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that VideoAutoArena effectively differentiates among state-of-the-art LMMs, providing insights into model strengths and areas for improvement. To further streamline our evaluation, we introduce VideoAutoBench as an auxiliary benchmark, where human annotators label winners in a subset of VideoAutoArena battles. We use GPT-4o as a judge to compare responses against these human-validated answers. Together, VideoAutoArena and VideoAutoBench offer a cost-effective, and scalable framework for evaluating LMMs in user-centric video analysis.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Video understanding with MLLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 64 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2024.

Builds on

64 of 80 references.

Closest ancestors · 14

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024xGen-MM-Vid (BLIP-3-Video): You Only Need 32 Tokens to Represent a Video Even in VLMs21 Oct
  2. 2024Kangaroo: A Powerful Video-Language Model Supporting Long-context Video Input28 Aug
  3. 2024Video-CCAM: Enhancing Video-Language Understanding with Causal Cross-Attention Masks for Short and Long Videos26 Aug
  4. 2024LongVILA: Scaling Long-Context Visual Language Models for Long Videos19 Aug
  5. 2024mPLUG-Owl3: Towards Long Image-Sequence Understanding in Multi-Modal Large Language Models9 Aug
  6. 2024LongVideoBench: A Benchmark for Long-context Interleaved Video-Language Understanding22 Jul
  7. 2024Long Context Transfer from Language to Vision24 Jun
  8. 2024LVBench: An Extreme Long Video Understanding Benchmark12 Jun
  9. 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysis31 May
  10. 2024PLLaVA : Parameter-free LLaVA Extension from Images to Videos for Video Dense Captioning25 Apr
  11. 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmark28 Nov
  12. 2023AutoEval-Video: An Automatic Benchmark for Assessing Large Vision Language Models in Open-Ended Video Question Answering25 Nov
2 more
  1. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projection16 Nov
  2. 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understanding5 Jun

Other references · 50

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  4. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  5. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  6. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  7. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  8. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  9. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  10. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
  11. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  12. 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
38 more
  1. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,669
  2. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
  3. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,179
  4. 2023Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 1,143
  5. 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,116
  6. 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,092
  7. 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phonecited by 1,061
  8. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 851
  9. 2024VideoLLaMA 2: Advancing Spatial-Temporal Modeling and Audio Understanding in Video-LLMscited by 749
  10. 2021NExT-QA:Next Phase of Question-Answering to Explaining Temporal Actionscited by 735
  11. 2023WizardCoder: Empowering Code Large Language Models with Evol-Instructcited by 728
  12. 2023Towards General Text Embeddings with Multi-stage Contrastive Learningcited by 705
  13. 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 686
  14. 2023EgoSchema: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Very Long-form Video Language Understandingcited by 666
  15. 2024WildChat: 1M ChatGPT Interaction Logs in the Wildcited by 598
  16. 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 559
  17. 2024LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Datacited by 550
  18. 2023Otter: A Multi-Modal Model with In-Context Instruction Tuningcited by 548
  19. 2023MovieChat: From Dense Token to Sparse Memory for Long Video Understandingcited by 536
  20. 2024From Crowdsourced Data to High-Quality Benchmarks: Arena-Hard and BenchBuilder Pipelinecited by 484
  21. 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personascited by 397
  22. 2024ShareGPT4Video: Improving Video Understanding and Generation with Better Captionscited by 386
  23. 2023Chat-UniVi: Unified Visual Representation Empowers Large Language Models with Image and Video Understandingcited by 368
  24. 2024TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos?cited by 352
  25. 2023Perception Test: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Multimodal Video Modelscited by 310
  26. 2023VTimeLLM: Empower LLM to Grasp Video Momentscited by 253
  27. 2023Valley: Video Assistant with Large Language model Enhanced abilitYcited by 231
  28. 2024Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agentscited by 210
  29. 2024VITA: Towards Open-Source Interactive Omni Multimodal LLMcited by 172
  30. 2023Macaw-LLM: Multi-Modal Language Modeling with Image, Audio, Video, and Text Integrationcited by 168
  31. 2024Oryx MLLM: On-Demand Spatial-Temporal Understanding at Arbitrary Resolutioncited by 157
  32. 2024Aria: An Open Multimodal Native Mixture-of-Experts Modelcited by 136
  33. 2024ST-LLM: Large Language Models Are Effective Temporal Learnerscited by 126
  34. 2021AGQA: A Benchmark for Compositional Spatio-Temporal Reasoningcited by 120
  35. 2023VideoLLM: Modeling Video Sequence with Large Language Modelscited by 116
  36. 2024WildVision: Evaluating Vision-Language Models in the Wild with Human Preferencescited by 76
  37. 2023Merlin:Empowering Multimodal LLMs with Foresight Mindscited by 46
  38. 2024AgentCourt: Simulating Court with Adversarial Evolvable Lawyer Agentscited by 36

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 10; 2026: 5.

18 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 480
  2. 2024LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methodscited by 451
  3. 2025LLM Post-Training: A Deep Dive into Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 129
  4. 2025Judge Anything: MLLM as a Judge Across Any Modalitycited by 33
  5. 2025Zero-shot Benchmarking: A Framework for Flexible and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Modelscited by 14
  6. 2026A Survey on LLM-based Conversational User Simulationcited by 14
  7. 2024ScratchEval: Are GPT-4o Smarter than My Child? Evaluating Large Multimodal Models with Visual Programming Challengescited by 4
  8. 2025Movie Facts and Fibs (MF2): A Benchmark for Long Movie Understandingcited by 4
  9. 2025VideoJudge: Bootstrapping Enables Scalable Supervision of MLLM-as-a-Judge for Video Understandingcited by 4
  10. 2026ArrowGEV: Grounding Events in Video via Learning the Arrow of Timecited by 4
  11. 2026GenArena: How Can We Achieve Human-Aligned Evaluation for Visual Generation Tasks?cited by 4
  12. 2025NeMo: Needle in a Montage for Video-Language Understandingcited by 3
6 more
  1. 2025ProBench: Judging Multimodal Foundation Models on Open-ended Multi-domain Expert Taskscited by 2
  2. 2025MM-CRITIC: A Holistic Evaluation of Large Multimodal Models as Multimodal Critiquecited by 2
  3. 2025InterFeedback: Unveiling Interactive Intelligence of Large Multimodal Models via Human Feedbackcited by 1
  4. 2025RB-FT: Rationale-Bootstrapped Fine-Tuning for Video Classificationcited by 1
  5. 2026VideoOdyssey: A Benchmark for Ultra-Long-Context and Omni-Modal Video Understandingcited by 1
  6. 2026When Text Hijacks Vision: Benchmarking and Mitigating Text Overlay-Induced Hallucination in Vision Language Modelscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025HumanVideo-MME: Benchmarking MLLMs for Human-Centric Video Understanding
  2. 2026How Far Are Video Models from True Multimodal Reasoning?
  3. 2024MMBench-Video: A Long-Form Multi-Shot Benchmark for Holistic Video Understanding
  4. 2026Video-MME-v2: Towards the Next Stage in Benchmarks for Comprehensive Video Understanding
  5. 2024HumanVBench: Probing Human-Centric Video Understanding in MLLMs with Automatically Synthesized Benchmarks
  6. 2026VideoAesBench: Benchmarking the Video Aesthetics Perception Capabilities of Large Multimodal Models
  7. 2025LOVE: Benchmarking and Evaluating Text-to-Video Generation and Video-to-Text Interpretation
  8. 2025VideoEval-Pro: Robust and Realistic Long Video Understanding Evaluation