Explanation for Trajectory Planning using Multi-modal Large Language Model for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Reasoning VLA and VLM driving policies
Abstract (arXiv)
End-to-end style autonomous driving models have been developed recently. These models lack interpretability of decision-making process from perception to control of the ego vehicle, resulting in anxiety for passengers. To alleviate it, it is effective to build a model which outputs captions describing future behaviors of the ego vehicle and their reason. However, the existing approaches generate reasoning text that inadequately reflects the future plans of the ego vehicle, because they train models to output captions using momentary control signals as inputs. In this study, we propose a reasoning model that takes future planning trajectories of the ego vehicle as inputs to solve this limitation with the dataset newly collected.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning VLA and VLM driving policies, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 17 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2024.
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17 of 23 references.
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Other references · 16
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2014Show and Tell: A Neural Image Caption Generatorcited by 879
- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 490
- 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Modelcited by 461
- 2019A Survey of Autonomous Driving: Common Practices and Emerging Technologiescited by 379
- 2023NuScenes-QA: A Multi-modal Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Autonomous Driving Scenariocited by 262
- 2018Textual Explanations for Self-Driving Vehiclescited by 226
- 2022DRAMA: Joint Risk Localization and Captioning in Drivingcited by 126
- 2018Neural Baby Talkcited by 107
4 more
- 2022Contrastive Learning Rivals Masked Image Modeling in Fine-tuning via Feature Distillationcited by 93
- 2023Rank2Tell: A Multimodal Driving Dataset for Joint Importance Ranking and Reasoningcited by 63
- 2024A Closer Look at the Robustness of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP)cited by 44
- 2024BLOS-BEV: Navigation Map Enhanced Lane Segmentation Network, Beyond Line of Sightcited by 12
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.
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- 2023DriveMLM: Aligning Multi-Modal Large Language Models with Behavioral Planning States for Autonomous Driving
- 2026CoWorld-VLA: Thinking in a Multi-Expert World Model for Autonomous Driving
- 2025ColaVLA: Leveraging Cognitive Latent Reasoning for Hierarchical Parallel Trajectory Planning in Autonomous Driving
- 2024PlanAgent: A Multi-modal Large Language Agent for Closed-loop Vehicle Motion Planning
- 2025Foundation Models for Trajectory Planning in Autonomous Driving: A Review of Progress and Open Challenges
- 2026NaviDriveVLM: Decoupling High-Level Reasoning and Motion Planning for Autonomous Driving
- 2025AutoVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Adaptive Reasoning and Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
- 2024Making Large Language Models Better Planners with Reasoning-Decision Alignment