Dense Associative Memory Through the Lens of Random Features
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Abstract (arXiv)
Dense Associative Memories are high storage capacity variants of the Hopfield networks that are capable of storing a large number of memory patterns in the weights of the network of a given size. Their common formulations typically require storing each pattern in a separate set of synaptic weights, which leads to the increase of the number of synaptic weights when new patterns are introduced. In this work we propose an alternative formulation of this class of models using random features, commonly used in kernel methods. In this formulation the number of network's parameters remains fixed. At the same time, new memories can be added to the network by modifying existing weights. We show that this novel network closely approximates the energy function and dynamics of conventional Dense Associative Memories and shares their desirable computational properties.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Oct 2024.
Builds on
26 of 48 references.
References · 26
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- 2016Dense Associative Memory for Pattern Recognitioncited by 230
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14 more
- 2023STanHop: Sparse Tandem Hopfield Model for Memory-Enhanced Time Series Predictioncited by 35
- 2021Hierarchical Associative Memorycited by 34
- 2023Simplicial Hopfield networkscited by 16
- 2024Nonparametric Modern Hopfield Modelscited by 16
- 2023End-to-end Differentiable Clustering with Associative Memoriescited by 15
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- 2024Sparse and Structured Hopfield Networkscited by 13
- 2013Compact Random Feature Mapscited by 12
- 2023Memory in Plain Sight: Surveying the Uncanny Resemblances of Associative Memories and Diffusion Modelscited by 12
- 2022Kernel Memory Networks: A Unifying Framework for Memory Modelingcited by 11
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
8 papers.
- 2025Dense Associative Memory with Epanechnikov Energycited by 10
- 2025In-context denoising with one-layer transformers: connections between attention and associative memory retrievalcited by 7
- 2025Robust Noise Attenuation via Adaptive Pooling of Transformer Outputscited by 2
- 2025Dense associative memory for Gaussian distributionscited by 2
- 2026Hybrid Energy-Based Models for Physical AI: Provably Stable Identification of Port-Hamiltonian Dynamicscited by 1
- 2025Modern Hopfield Networks with Continuous-Time Memoriescited by 0
- 2026Sinkhorn Based Associative Memory Retrieval Using Spherical Hellinger Kantorovich Dynamicscited by 0
- 2026Controlled Dynamics Attractor Transformercited by 0
- 2026Controlled Dynamics Attractor Transformer13 Jun 2026
- 2026Hybrid Energy-Based Models for Physical AI: Provably Stable Identification of Port-Hamiltonian Dynamics31 Mar 2026
- 2026Sinkhorn Based Associative Memory Retrieval Using Spherical Hellinger Kantorovich Dynamics21 Mar 2026
- 2025Dense associative memory for Gaussian distributions27 Sep 2025
- 2025Dense Associative Memory with Epanechnikov Energy12 Jun 2025
- 2025Robust Noise Attenuation via Adaptive Pooling of Transformer Outputs10 Jun 2025
- 2025Modern Hopfield Networks with Continuous-Time Memories14 Feb 2025
- 2025In-context denoising with one-layer transformers: connections between attention and associative memory retrieval7 Feb 2025