Honest AI: Fine-Tuning "Small" Language Models to Say "I Don't Know", and Reducing Hallucination in RAG
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Hallucination detection in RAG
Abstract (arXiv)
Hallucination is a key roadblock for applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for enterprise applications that are sensitive to information accuracy. To address this issue, two general approaches have been explored: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to supply LLMs with updated information as context, and fine-tuning the LLMs with new information and desired output styles. In this paper, we propose Honest AI: a novel strategy to fine-tune "small" language models to say "I don't know" to reduce hallucination, along with several alternative RAG approaches. The solution ranked 1st in Task 2 for the false premise question. The alternative approaches include using RAG with search engine and knowledge graph results, fine-tuning base LLMs with new information and combinations of both approaches. Although all approaches improve the performance of the LLMs, RAG alone does not significantly improve the performance and fine-tuning is needed for better results. Finally, the hybrid approach achieved the highest score in the CRAG benchmark. In addition, our approach emphasizes the use of relatively small models with fewer than 10 billion parameters, promoting resource efficiency.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Hallucination detection in RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 17 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2024.
Builds on
17 of 29 references.
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5 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2025KnowRL: Exploring Knowledgeable Reinforcement Learning for Factualitycited by 17
- 2026GRACE: Reinforcement Learning for Grounded Response and Abstention under Contextual Evidencecited by 6
- 2025LLMQuoter: Enhancing RAG Capabilities Through Efficient Quote Extraction From Large Contextscited by 4
- 2025Large Language Models for Extrapolative Modeling of Manufacturing Processescited by 4
- 2025Human-AI Collaborative Game Testing with Vision Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Mathematical Analysis of Hallucination Dynamics in Large Language Models: Uncertainty Quantification, Advanced Decoding, and Principled Mitigationcited by 0
- 2026GRACE: Reinforcement Learning for Grounded Response and Abstention under Contextual Evidence8 Jan 2026
- 2025Mathematical Analysis of Hallucination Dynamics in Large Language Models: Uncertainty Quantification, Advanced Decoding, and Principled Mitigation19 Nov 2025
- 2025KnowRL: Exploring Knowledgeable Reinforcement Learning for Factuality24 Jun 2025
- 2025Large Language Models for Extrapolative Modeling of Manufacturing Processes15 Feb 2025
- 2025Human-AI Collaborative Game Testing with Vision Language Models20 Jan 2025
- 2025LLMQuoter: Enhancing RAG Capabilities Through Efficient Quote Extraction From Large Contexts9 Jan 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Finetune-RAG: Fine-Tuning Language Models to Resist Hallucination in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2024Enhancing LLM Factual Accuracy with RAG to Counter Hallucinations: A Case Study on Domain-Specific Queries in Private Knowledge-Bases
- 2024A Survey on RAG Meeting LLMs: Towards Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models
- 2026Attribution Techniques for Mitigating Hallucinated Information in RAG Systems: A Survey
- 2024Leveraging the Domain Adaptation of Retrieval Augmented Generation Models for Question Answering and Reducing Hallucination
- 2024100% Elimination of Hallucinations on RAGTruth for GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 Turbo
- 2026Enhancing LLMs with Context-Specific Knowledge for Mitigating Misinformation in SMEs: A RAG-based Modeling and Analysis
- 2024SFR-RAG: Towards Contextually Faithful LLMs